Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 47229-001 December 2014 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Submitted by Uttarakhand Jal Santhan, Jal Bhawan, Dehradun, Uttarakhand This report has been submitted to ADB by the Uttarakhand Jal Santhan, Jal Bhawan, Dehradun, Uttarakhand and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. Initial Environmental Examination July 2014 India: Rehabilitation of Water Supply System of Uttarkashi under Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Prepared by State Disaster Management Authority, Government of India, for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 2 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BOD Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand CO Carbon Mono Oxide CFE Consent for Establishment CH4 Methane CFO Consent for Operation DO Dissolve Oxygen dB Decibel IEE Initial Environmental Examination EA Executing Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EC Environmental Clearance GoI Government of India GoU Government of Uttrakhand Ha Hectare H2S Hydrogen sulphide HDPE High Density Poly Ehylene HFL High Flood level Km Kilometer Leq Sound level Mg Milligram MFF Multitranche Financing Facility MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests MLD Million Litter Per day Mn Million M Meter mm Millimeter mg/l Milligram per Liter m3 Cubic meter NAAQM National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring NOx oxides of Nitrogen NA Not Applicable OUR oxygen uptake rate O & M Operation and maintenance PMU Project Management Unit PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride PWD Public works Division PIU Project Implementation Units RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete RoW Right of Way RSPM Respirable suspended particulate matter RP Rehabilitation Plan SEIAA State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SPCB State Pollution Control Board UEPPCB Uttaranchal Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Board SS Suspended Solids SBR Sequential Batch Reactor UEAP Uttarakhand Emaregncy Assistance Program UJS Uttarakhand Jal Sanasthan SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SO2 sulphur dioxides ST Scheduled Tribes SC Scheduled Castes SOP Standard Operational Procedures UDD Urban Development Department UPJN Uttaranchal Peya Jal Nigam UJS Uttaranchal Jal Sansthan U.P Uttar Pradesh UPCL Uttaranchal Power Corporation Limited (µg/m3 Micro Gram Per Cubic Meter % Percentage iv WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Cm - centimeter Crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 Lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 Km – Kilometer Kph - Kilometer per hour Lpd – liters per day M – Meter mg/l – milligrams per liter Mm – Millimeter MSL - Mean sea level µ - 10-6 meter µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter µS/cm - micro Siemens per centimeter NTU - Nephalo turbidity unit Ppm – parts per million NOTE{S} In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. “INR” and “ ” refer to Indian rupees Content ABBREVIATIONS III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VIII I. INTRODUCTION 10 A. Project Background/Rationale 10 B. THE UTTARAKHAND EMERGECY ASSISTANCE PROJECT (UEAP) 10 C. Purpose of the Environmental Assessment 10 D. Extent of IEE 11 E. IEE Content 11 F. Methodology 11 G. Public Consultation 11 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 11 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 16 A. Project Location 16 B. Proposed Category of the Project 16 C. Background of the Proposed Sub-project 16 D. Subproject Description 18 1. Objective of project in Town 18 2. Project Components 19 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 24 A. Physical Environment 24 B. Climate and Meteorology 25 C. Ambient Air Quality 26 D. Ambient Noise Level 26 E. Hydrology 27 F. Seismology 28 G. Ecology 28 H. Socio-Economic 36 I. Health 37 J. Literacy 38 K. Energy and Electric Power Potential 40 L. Aesthetic and Tourism 40 E. Project Implementation Schedule 41 VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 42 A. Screening of Environmental Impacts 42 B. Impact and mitigation measure during planning and design phase 43 C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 46 D. Impacts during Operation Phase 55 E. Economic Development 56 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION 56 A. Public participation during the preparation of the IEE 56 B. Future consultation and Disclosure 57 vi C. Consultation during Detailed Design 57 D. Consultation during Construction 57 E. Project Disclosure 58 VIII. GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM 58 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 59 A. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) 59 B. Environmental Monitoring Plan 65 C. Environmental Budget 68 D. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting 71 E. Performance Indicator 95 X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 97 APPENDICES 98 Appendix I Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 98 Appendix II – Public Consultaion 102 Appendix III Project Photographs 108 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Uttarakhand lies in the northern part of India amidst the magnificent Himalayas and dense forests. The State is bordering Himachal Pradesh in the north-west and Uttar Pradesh in the South and shares international borders with Nepal and China. The State is comprised of 13 districts divided into two regions and also called administrative divisions; the Kumaon and Garhwal. 2. Recent disaster of unprecedented floods in June, 2013 in the state of Uttarakhand, devastated many towns and villages on the banks of rivers Bhagirathi, Pindar, Mandakini, Alaknanda and Sarju. Infrastructure facilities like roads, power supply, communication, buildings, and water supply had been affected severely. Though the state government had taken up many steps to temporarily restore the facilities, it is envisaged to take up permanent measures to restore and rehabilitate the facilities. 3. The disaster impacted supply of water in terms of quantity and quality. There is a gap quantity of 2.2 MLD at delivery to the users after the disaster and it has also caused increase in turbidity. This is due to the damage of the supply infrastructure including RBF, pumps, reservoirs and distribution network. 4. To address the impact, construction of two new tubewells for stand by or alternative source located 7-9 km upstream on the river and laying of 200 mm ERS MS rising main up to reservoir have been considered in this project. 1000 meter relaying of pipelines in Jangara, Chiwda Ghata, and Gangotri. Rectification of Water Treatment Plant of Capacity 4.58 MLD in Jangara, 1.63 MLD in Gufiara, 0.67 MLD in Batwadi Road have been proposed. 5. Consistent with the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework, the proposed subporject were screened using ADB rapid environmental assessment (REA) checklist- of water supply. The environmental screening revealed that no protected or sensitive areas were traversed. All impacts are site specific; few are irreversible and can be readily mitigated supporting an environmental “Category B” classification. 6. Air Quality. The pristine environment and sparse population suggest that most part of the State have a very good air quality while noise level is calm except in central part of the Uttarkashi town.The baseline of air quality and noise level will be generated before commencement of the construction. 7. Seismicity. The State constitutes one of the most active domains of the Himalayan region. Several damaging earthquakes are recorded from this region. As such, the region is classified under high seismic zone V. 8. Forest. Uttarakhand is ranked 9th in all-India in terms of forest covered area with 24,495 km2of forestland The district of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Nainital, and Chamoli have the largest forest cover accounting for 50% of all the state’s total. The State Govt. of Uttarakhand has declared the oak tree (Quercus sp.) as a Kalpvriksha or wish fulfilling divine tree often treated as the signature plant of the Kumaon Himalayas as numerous logos and insignias with a stylized version of the deodar inscribed on them. viii 9. Sensitive Ecosystem. The subproject location does not fall within any sensitive ecosystem. Neither the project component have direct intervention not indirect intervention with sensitive ecosystem. 10. Significant Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures. No environmental impacts related to siting were identified in the environmental examination. All components of subproject are existing, no components of subproject is located inside or near a cultural heritage site, protected area, wetland, mangrove, estuarine, buffer zone of protected area or special area for protecting biodiversity. There are no rare, threatened, and endangered species (flora and fauna) within the subproject corridor of impact.The potential significant environmental impacts identified and assessed are related to construction time impacts. 11. Information Disclosure, Consultation, Participation, and Grievance and Redress Mechanism. Wide stakeholder consultation and participation was observed during the environmental examination of UEAP. Project affected communities, government institutions, and non-governmental organizations. Highlight of all consultations were documented