EURON ROBOETHICS ROADMAP EURON Roboethics Roadmap Gianmarco Veruggio (*) Release 1.2 (January 2007) 1 of 42 EURON ROBOETHICS ROADMAP SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................5 1.1. Ethics & Robotics.............................................................................................................5 1.2. EURON (European Robotics Research Network) ...........................................................5 1.3. EURON Robotics Research Roadmap.............................................................................5 1.4. The Roboethics Atelier.....................................................................................................6 1.5. The Roboethics Roadmap ................................................................................................6 1.5.1. Scope: Near Future Urgency....................................................................................7 1.5.2. Target: Human Centred Ethics.................................................................................7 1.5.3. Methodology: Open Work .......................................................................................7 1.6. Pre-history ........................................................................................................................8 1.7. Documentary and background material ...........................................................................8 2. ETHIC AND ETHICS .............................................................................................................9 2.1. Ethical Issues..................................................................................................................10 2.2. Principles to be followed in Roboethics:........................................................................10 2.3. Ethical Issues in an ICT society .....................................................................................11 2.4. The precautionary principle ...........................................................................................12 3. ETHICS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.....................................................................13 3.1. Oath & pledge ................................................................................................................13 3.2. Code & guideline ...........................................................................................................13 3.3. Appeal ............................................................................................................................14 3.4. Recommendation............................................................................................................14 3.5. Manifesto........................................................................................................................15 3.6. Statement & declaration.................................................................................................15 3.7. Resolution.......................................................................................................................15 3.8. Convention .....................................................................................................................15 3.9. Charter............................................................................................................................15 3.10. Law.............................................................................................................................15 3.11. Conditions for Implementation ..................................................................................16 3.12. Operativeness of the Principles..................................................................................16 4. UNIVERSALLY ADOPTED ETHICAL PRINCIPLES.......................................................16 4.1. United Nations................................................................................................................16 4.2. Unesco............................................................................................................................17 4.3. Ilo - International Labor Organization ...........................................................................17 4.4. The Nuremberg Code.....................................................................................................17 4.5. World Medical Association............................................................................................18 4.6. World Summit on the Information Society....................................................................18 4.7. European Union..............................................................................................................18 4.8. Charter Of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000) ....................................19 4.9. General rules regarding ethics in EU research activities................................................19 Release 1.2 (January 2007) 2 of 42 EURON ROBOETHICS ROADMAP 5. Intercultural understanding and dialogue...............................................................................20 5.1. International Center for Information Ethics...................................................................20 5.2. International Society for Ethics and Information Technology.......................................21 5.3. Cultural Attitude Towards Technology and Communication Conference (CATaC) ....21 5.4. The Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs ..............................................21 5.5. Computer Professional for Social Responsibility (CPSR).............................................21 5.6. Makkula Center..............................................................................................................21 5.7. The Centre for Responsible Nanotechnology ................................................................21 5.8. Union of Concerned Scientists.......................................................................................22 5.9. The International Institute of Humanitarian Law...........................................................22 5.10. The World Transhumanist Association......................................................................22 6. ROBOTICS AND ETHICS ...................................................................................................22 6.1. Specificity of Robotics...................................................................................................22 6.2. About Roboethics...........................................................................................................23 6.3. What is a Robot? ............................................................................................................24 6.3.1. Robots are nothing but machines ...........................................................................24 6.3.2. Robots have ethical dimensions .............................................................................24 6.3.3. Robots as moral agents...........................................................................................24 6.3.4. Robots, evolution of a new specie.........................................................................24 6.4. Main positions on Roboethics........................................................................................24 6.4.1. Not interested in ethics...........................................................................................25 6.4.2. Interested in short-term ethical questions...............................................................25 6.4.3. Interested in long-term ethical concerns. ...............................................................25 6.5. About the Name .............................................................................................................25 6.6. Disciplines involved in Roboethics................................................................................25 7. ROBOETHICS TAXONOMY ..............................................................................................26 7.1. Humanoids .....................................................................................................................26 7.1.1. Artificial Mind........................................................................................................27 7.1.2. Artificial Body........................................................................................................28 7.1.3. Benefits...................................................................................................................28 7.1.4. Problems.................................................................................................................28 7.1.5. Recommendations ..................................................................................................29 7.2. Advanced production systems........................................................................................29 7.2.1. Industrial robotics...................................................................................................29 7.2.2. Benefits...................................................................................................................30 7.2.3. Problems.................................................................................................................30 7.2.4. Recommendations ..................................................................................................30