54 ARCHIVAL ISSUES Vol. 36, No. 2, 2015 Ephemeral Material: Queering the Archive. Gender and Sexuality in Information Studies Series. By Alana Kumbier. Sacramento: Litwin Books, 2014. 257 pp. Index, illustrations, bibliography. Softcover. $35.00. In Ephemeral Material: Queering the Archive, Alana Kumbier makes a number of important contributions to archival practice and studies, including making queer archives and archival practices accessible and furthering their creation and recog- nition, developing new participatory archival frameworks, and enriching archival studies through the inclusion of new materials, approaches, and understandings. It is important to note that Kumbier’s work establishes the relevance and resonance of queer approaches beyond the explicitly LGBTQ archives and collections upon which they have previously centered. Her book also serves as a key touchstone for those involved as archivists, community members, documentarians, activists, and scholars in documenting queer lives by opening new spaces for responding to the demands that are particular to queer histories and cultures. Kumbier powerfully argues that queer- ing the archives—by pushing ourselves to think through queer interests, experiences, theoretical frameworks, and cultural practices and to align ourselves with these queer values and practices—opens the possibilities for us to critically engage in new and much-needed ways with established archival theory and practice. Ephemeral Material is the fifth book in the fantastic Litwin Books series on Gender and Sexuality in Information Studies. It grew out of Kumbier’s dissertation in compara- tive studies at the Ohio State University, as well as the last decade of her professional work as an academic librarian at Wellesley and Hampshire Colleges, and her artistic, activist, and personal involvements in and passions for zine-making, drag performance, and queer communities and cultures. Her interdisciplinary background allows her to draw on an expansive body of work by scholars in history, and media, disability, queer, cultural, and gender studies, as well as what will be, for many, more familiar works in archival and information studies. The book makes great use of Kumbier’s diverse experiences and is not afraid to be deeply personal in a manner that is critical, self- reflexive, and honest. This is particularly evident in her willingness to share the chal- lenges, failures, and difficult lessons learned in less successful queer archival projects. The book does a masterful job grounding its complex theoretical work with concrete examples. Drawn from a wide range of archival projects and media representations of archival spaces and practices, these examples make it an engaging and accessible text that will meet the diverse needs of a broad range of readers. The book is structured into two sections—each with its own introduction to the major issues and questions addressed in the section. The first section, “Negotiating Archives,” works with two media representations of archives and archival practices in the documentary films, The Watermelon Woman and Liebe Perla. This section crucially draws sustained attention to the challenges and troubles of users of diverse abilities in accessing archives and materials and how we in the archival community might better respond to these problems. It also brings to light issues of the creation of histories where there were none and the impacts of the lingering presence of difficult, painful pasts on the present in archival contexts. The chapters in the second section, “Archiving from the Ground Up,” explore the questions raised in the first section PUBLICATION REVIEWS 55 regarding participatory archives through a number of case studies of specific queer archival projects—including documenting drag king culture, an archival art installation, and the Queer Zine Archiving Project (QZAP). Kumbier sets forth a new framework for participatory archives that can empower individuals and communities, particularly queer ones, to get involved in archival projects. Significantly for archivists, scholars, and students, this book does important work in challenging and transforming existing participatory archival frameworks. Kumbier de- velops a very useful collaborative, participatory archival practice she terms “archiving from the ground up” through case studies in the book’s second section (p. 117). This practice is a direct response to “archival exclusions,” the long-term marginalization through both explicit historical exclusion and underdocumentation of queer cultures, communities, and individuals in the archives. It is a practice of working with members of those cultures and communities to document their presents and to make their futures through the creation of the record. It is distinct from other frameworks, in its focus on archivists working with members of cultures and communities that they hope to document, rather than archivists working for constituents by creating projects, col- lections, or records on their behalf (p. 125). Beyond its focus on archivists working alongside participants, Kumbier focuses on the importance of archivists advocating for archives to communities through DIY archival workshops and conversations, and decentering the role of the archivist in creating the archives (p. 146). Finally, in this approach the participants decide on the who, what, why, and how of documentation, rather than confining their options to traditional documentation projects or dictates. Kumbier grounds this framework solidly in archival experience by looking critically at projects in which she was intimately involved, using them to show the learning context in which she came to understand archival practices from the ground up. She argues that even though the projects she describes took place outside of the context of traditional archives, they offer successful models, ideas, and practices that can be adopted for queer cultural documentation across archival contexts. Perhaps most significantly, this framework has the ability to transform archival power relations— identifying and sharing “the power to represent, to define, to describe” and to arrange as part of practice (p. 151). Though the book only just begins the work of answering the questions raised by such a practice, Kumbier does an important service by raising them and demonstrating so clearly why they matter. Kumbier has undoubtedly begun an important project for archival studies and prac- tice. This reviewer’s primary critique of the book is that it lacks cohesion. The two sections are slightly disjointed with more work needed to make the book into a cohesive whole. The first two chapters stand very well on their own as essays. However, they do not flow as smoothly as they could into the second section, in which the chapters build more closely upon one another. This issue could have been better addressed through a conclusion essay. As it stands, the book’s ending feels rather abrupt. Kumbier also raises a few points of interest, such as the use of documentary films as a form of creative “documentation strategy” (p. 47), that could have used more explication and follow-up. As a resource intended to inspire action, the book would also have benefited from the inclusion of a resource list to better meet the needs not only of archivists, but 56 ARCHIVAL ISSUES Vol. 36, No. 2, 2015 also of community members interested and engaged in the queer archival projects and practices that Kumbier describes so beautifully. Ephemeral Material will be of great interest to archivists, artists, activists, and scholars. It makes important contributions by documenting the work being done by queer archives, archival practices, and studies. It goes beyond that success to achieve its primary goal—making a critical intervention into information studies by bridging queer and archival discourses that serves to inspire and inform action, the creation of future documentation projects, and archival collaborations of all sorts. It demonstrates clearly not only what queer and archival discourses are, but also why they matter so deeply. This book is sure to inspire future work in these queer modes in the archives, the classroom, and far beyond. Marika Cifor Doctoral Student Department of Information Studies University of California, Los Angeles PUBLICATION REVIEWS 57 Preserving Complex Digital Objects. Edited by Janet Delve and David Anderson. London: Facet Publishing, 2014. 375 pp. Softcover. $115.00. This edited collection brings together the papers and discussions from symposia funded by the UK Jisc (formerly Joint Information Systems Committee) under the heading of Preservation of Complex Objects (POCOS). It represents a predominantly European state of the art on the subject of preservation of complex digital objects— here represented by reports and case studies on current and past work on digital art, simulations and visualizations, virtual worlds, and videogame environments, together with summary chapters on the core issues of metadata, workflow tools, and legal considerations. Its aim is “to set out what is currently understood about dealing with complex digital objects” and to “provide a broad framework for starting to manage and address relevant issues” (p. xii). This reviewer feels confident in saying that if you read only one book this year about the state of digital preservation, this is the book you should read. For those who have been breathing a sigh of relief that with a few workshops and some well-recommended software, archivists