Economic, social and institutional factors in the growth of agri-food sector nono 67.1 in Europe WarsawWarsaw 2013 Economic, social and institutional factors in the growth of agri-food sector in Europe Economic, social and institutional factors in the growth of agri-food sector in Europe Scientific editors: prof. dr hab. Andrzej Kowalski dr inż. Paweł Chmieliński dr Marek Wigier Warsaw 2013 Competitiveness of the Polish food economy in the conditions of globalization and European integration dr hab. Renata Grochowska, prof. of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute dr in. Zbigniew Floriaczyk, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute Leszek lipski AKME Projekty Sp. z o.o. Contact Language Services. 3-1 Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki ywnociowej – Pastwowy Instytut Badawczy ul. witokrzyska 20, 00-002 Warszawa tel.: (22) 50 54 444 faks: (22) 50 54 636 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.ierigz.waw.pl Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................... 9 1. Institutional restrictions concerning growth and development of P olish farms .......... 11 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 11 1.2. Changes in the structure of farms before 2004 and after 2004 ..................................... 13 1.3. Projection of farm income for 2013 .............................................................................. 15 1.4. Income in agriculture and the situation of farms in 2014-2020 .................................... 16 2. The Russian agricultural sector and WTO: advantages and disadvantages .............. 22 3. Policy and economic rent as sources of agricultural producer’s income ..................... 28 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 28 3.2. Income as a function of the agricultural producer’s aim ............................................... 29 3.3. Economic and policy rent in realising the function of the agricultural producer’s aim ..... 30 3.4. Economic rent ............................................................................................................... 31 3.5. Policy rent ..................................................................................................................... 33 3.6. Substitution between economic and policy rent ............................................................ 35 3.7. Summary ....................................................................................................................... 40 4. An analysis of current economic problems and development factors in agriculture facing Ukraine .................................................................................................................... 42 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 42 4.2. Ukrainian agrarian economy: current problems ............................................................ 43 4.3. Development factors in agriculture facing Ukraine ...................................................... 51 4.4. Concluding remarks ...................................................................................................... 56 5. The assessment of quality and price competition strategies in Polish trade of agri-food products ......................................................................................................... 58 5.1. Initial remarks ............................................................................................................... 58 5.2. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 59 5.3. The quality and price indicators in Polish agri-food trade – general trends.................. 61 5.4. Quality and price ratio in agri-food Polish trade with each group of the EU countries ........ 65 5.5. The Polish agri-food export structure according to the competition strategy .............. 69 5.6. Final remarks ................................................................................................................. 72 6. The dynamic of agrifood systems and institutional impacts on Romanian vegetable producers ............................................................................................................................ 74 6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 74 6.2. Review of literature ....................................................................................................... 78 6.3. Data and methodology .................................................................................................. 80 6.4. Results and discussions ................................................................................................. 81 6.5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 84 7. The status and development perspectives of the agricultural production sector of the Republic of Belarus ...................................................................................... 87 8. Would equal direct payments in the EU be fair? ............................................................ 99 8.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 99 8.2. Theoretical determinants for evaluation of direct payments in the EU ....................... 100 8.3. What criteria are used to evaluate the distribution of funds between the countries of the EU? ................................................................................................................... 103 8.4. Summary ..................................................................................................................... 109 9. Impact of the CAP support measures on the agricultural sector in Lithuania ......... 112 9.1. Evolution of the CAP .................................................................................................. 112 9.2. The CAP impact on the Lithuanian agriculture........................................................... 115 9.3. Results of CAP impact on agriculture in Lithuania and Lithuanian interior priorities for agricultural sector post 2013 ................................................................. 121 9.4. Development trends of the future CAP ....................................................................... 122 9.5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 124 10. Economic and managerial analysis of the effect of human capital on the growth of horticulture sector in Bulgaria .......................................................... 128 10.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 128 10.2. Materials and methods .............................................................................................. 129 10.3. Results and discussion ............................................................................................... 131 10.4. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 140 11. Agriculture and rural development – the case of Norway ......................................... 142 11.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 142 11.2. The policy context ..................................................................................................... 142 11.3. Agricultural employment – overall trends and geographical distribution ..................... 143 11.4. Income sources for farming households .................................................................... 146 11.5. Property structure and agricultural production .......................................................... 147 11.6. Development trends and policies .............................................................................. 147 11.7. The property structure - a problem for settlement and efficient farming ....................... 148 11.8. Increasing income opportunities for farming households ......................................... 150 11.9. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 152 12. Agricultural policy supporting the structural development of farms and other rural enterprises in Finland .......................................................................... 154 12.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 154 12.2. Structural change of farms ........................................................................................ 155 12.2.1. Increase of the farm size ..................................................................................... 155 12.2.2. Profitability as a precondition for the growth of farms ...................................... 156 12.3. Diversified farms ......................................................................................................