Subject Index A Acute radiation injury, 143, 152 AA amyloidosis, 132 Adalimumab, 73, 76 AAC, see Antibiotic-associated colitis (AAC) ADAMTS-13, 44 AAHC, see Antibiotic-associated Addison’s disease (AD), 370–371 hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC) causes and clinical features, 370 Abdominal cramps, 7, 17, 21, 43, 45, 47, 228, gastrointestinal symptoms, 371 282, 301, 327, 417 treatment, 371 Abdominal distension, 45, 83, 144, 215, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 10 328, 344 Adrenal gland, 370–373 Abdominal pain, 9, 17, 35, 40, 44, 46–53, 65, Adult-type hypolactasia, 159, 163–164 67, 69, 77, 81, 83–84, 95, 109–110, 131, Adverse reactions to food, 106–107 142–144, 151, 160, 162, 166, 168, 194, Aerobic organisms, 191 213, 215, 241–242, 244–245, 248, Aeromonas hydrophila, 47 253–257, 267, 276, 312, 318, 321, AIDS, see Acquired immunodeficiency 325–326, 328–329, 333–336, 342–343, syndrome (AIDS) 345, 347, 350, 364, 371, 385, 434, 449 Albendazole, 41, 49 Abdominal X-rays, 87 Albumin, 68, 108, 118–120, 122–123, Abetalipoproteinemia, 159, 169–171 125–126, 128, 130–134, Absorption, see Congenital disorders of 153, 345 digestion and absorption Alcohol-related diarrhea, 379–387 Acanthocytosis, 170 absorption and metabolism of alcohol in Acetorphan, 398 gut, 381 Acetylcholine, 12, 178, 352, 403–404 “bacteriocolonic” pathway of ethanol Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 396, 404 oxidation, 381 Acetylsalicylic acid, 198 concentration of acetaldehyde, 381 Achlorhydria, 192, 248, 259, 267, 272 ethanol absorption, 381 Acid-tolerant aerobic organisms, 191 first-pass metabolism, 381 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome gastrointestinal neuromuscular (AIDS), 6, 51, 121, 368, 414, 453, 466 injury, 381 Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE), 172–173 mucosal permeability, 381 Actinobacter, 227 non-oxidative metabolism, 381 Acute diarrhea classification, 380–381 community-acquired, 4–6 alcohol hangover (veisalgia), 381 diagnosis, 20 alcohol-related organ dysfunction, 381 hospital-acquired, 6–7 alcohol withdrawal, 380 traveler’s, 7–8 concurrent dietary indiscretion, 380 Acute gastroenteritis, 8, 290, 295, 349 clinical presentation, 381–386 Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI), 251–253 alcohol hangover or veisalgia, 385 Acute proctosigmoiditis, 416 alcohol-induced organ dysfunction, 385 From: Diarrhea, Clinical Gastroenterology Edited by: S. Guandalini, H. Vaziri, DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-183-7 C Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 475 476 Subject Index Alcohol-related diarrhea (cont.) Antibiotic-associated colitis (AAC), 48, 398 alcohol withdrawal syndrome Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AWS), 385 (AAHC), 47 binge drinking, 381–385 Antibiotics chronic alcoholics, 385 in bacterial overgrowth, 198–201 toxic alcohol-induced diarrhea, 385 drug-induced diarrhea, 412–413 etiopathogenesis, 381–386 in IBD, 74 pathophysiology of acute in IBS, 336 alcohol-induced diarrhea, 382–383 prevention of, associated diarrhea, 465 pathophysiology of chronic in radiation enterocolitis, 151 alcohol-induced diarrhea, 383–384 Antibodies, 73, 75–76, 96, 108, 112, 129, 131, treatment, 386–387 172, 219, 247, 249, 330, 345, 361–362, acute alcohol-related diarrhea, 386 366, 372 antibiotics, 387 Anticholinergics, 131, 333–334, 352–353, benzodiazepines, 387 396, 404, 406, 443, 448, 452–453 cholestyramine, 387 Antidepressants, 334 chronic alcohol-related diarrhea, amitriptyline, 334 386–387 desipramine, 334 clonidine, 387 fluoxetine, 334 niacin and oral vitamin C, 387 imipramine, 334 thiamine, 386 nortriptyline, 334 ursodeoxycholic acid, 387 paroxetine, 334 Allergic gastroenteropathy, 123 serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), 334 Allergy, 20, 87, 105–115, 220, 332, 394–395 sertraline, 334 Allopurinol, 416 tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), 334 Alopecia, 172, 218 Antidiarrheal agents, 53, 78, 151, 335, Alpha 1-antitrypsin, 114, 128–130 399, 417 Alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, 367, 443, 453 Anti-endomysial IgA antibody Alzheimer’s disease, 404 (EMA-IgA), 219 Amebic colitis, 6, 21 Anti-endomysium antibodies, 219 American Academy of Microbiology report, 2 Anti-inflammatory agents, 20, 114, 202, 255 Amifostine, 149–150 Antimotility agents, 44, 53, 290, 364 Amino acids, 10, 118–120, 124, 165, Antiplasmin therapy, 132 167–169, 172, 274–275, 287, 382, 384 Antiretroviral therapy, 50, 396, 398–399 Aminoglycosides, 46, 231, 399 Anti-social personality disorder, 300 Aminosalicylates, 62, 65, 74, 76, 99, 247, 396 Antispasmodic agents, 333 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), 149 Anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (TTG-IgA), 5-Aminosalicylate (5-ASA), 65, 149–150 96, 219, 222, 319 Amitriptyline, 334 APOB gene, 161, 170 Amoxicillin, 74, 199, 412 Apolipoprotein B, 161, 170–171 Ampicillin, 39, 232, 412 Appendectomy, 242–245 Amyloidosis, 11, 16, 121, 132, 315, 435, 440 Appendicitis, 41, 46, 84, 111, 239, Anaerobic organisms, 191, 196, 364 243–245, 293 Anemia, 23, 49, 67–68, 96, 110–111, APS, see Autoimmune polyglandular 122–123, 131, 145, 160, 169, 193, syndromes (APS) 215–216, 226, 248, 251, 267, 274, 329, Aquaporins (AQP), 283, 286, 289 345, 360, 364–365, 371–373, 436 Arf6 endocytic pathway, 286 Anorectal dysfunction and incontinence, 364 Arthralgias, 38, 51, 95, 97, 216, 228–229 anal sphincter dysfunction, 364 Arthritis, 41, 46–47, 67, 95, 190, 193, 216, fecal incontinence, 364 225–226, 229–230, 416 sphincter dysfunction, 364 Aspirin therapy, 348 Antacids, 19–20, 306, 330, 397, 402, 412 Athletes’ GI symptoms, 427–428 Anthraquinones, 300, 304–307, 403 Atropine, 98, 410, 417, 451–453 Subject Index 477 Attapulgite, 447–448 Balantidium coli, 49 Atypical celiac disease with extraintestinal Balsalazide, 149–150 manifestations Barium enema, 70, 94, 146–148, 239 arthritis and arthralgia, 216 Barium X-ray, 129 chronic hepatitis and Benign conditions, 112, 125, 332, 345, 351 hypertransaminasemia, 216 Benzodiazepines, 335, 386–387 dental enamel hypoplasia, 216 Beta blockers, 370 dermatitis herpetiformis, 215–216 Beta cells, 167 iron deficiency anemia, 216 Beta-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase, neurological manifestation, 217 165, 352 osteopenia/osteoporosis, 217 Bethanecol, 403 psychiatric disorders, 217 Bifidobacteria, 77, 191, 198, 461, 465 short stature and delayed puberty, 216 Bilateral retinal detachments, 122 Auranofin, 399, 416 Bile acid breath test, 360 Autoantibody testing, 129 Bile acid deficiency, 145, 171, 380, 386 Autoimmune disorders, 95–96, 210, 218 Bile acid diarrhea, 13, 145, 152, 349, 383, Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes 386–387 (APS), 371–373 Bile acid malabsorption, 97, 159, 171, type I, 371–372 311–312, 315, 348–349, 353, 360, 366, autoimmune hypoparathyroidism, 371 369–370, 380, 383, 386, 408–409, autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, 371 439–441, 450 cholecystokinin deficiency, 372 Bile salt, 12–13, 15, 64, 66, 77, 169, 171, 246, lymphangiectasia, 372 347, 349, 353, 383, 387, 405–406 muco-cutaneous candidiasis, 372 Bile salt-induced diarrhea, 12, 66, 246, superimposed Giardia infection, 372 347, 387 type II, 372–373 Biliary tract disease, 47 myasthenia gravis, 372 Biofeedback, 336, 366 primary hypogonadism, 372 Biomarkers, 85, 89, 272 Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, 371 Biopsy, 40, 47–49, 69, 71, 87, 95, 111, 124, Autonomic neuropathy, 11, 19, 315, 142, 195, 198, 219, 230–232, 240, 249, 362–364, 367 255, 318–319, 321, 330, 345, 360–363, Azathioprine, 73, 75, 99, 124, 373 366, 439 Azithromycin, 38, 42–44, 47, 54, 291–292 Bisacodyl, 304, 306–308, 403 Azotorrhea, 182 Bismuth subsalicylate, 53–54, 98, 398, 417, 447, 449–450 B Blastocystis hominis, 6, 49 Bacillus cereus, 282, 294 Bloating, 23, 39, 64, 77, 83–84, 90, 151, Bacterial overgrowth, 189–203, 363, 380 193–194, 201, 215, 218, 228, 276, 327, clinical conditions 333, 336–337, 426, 449, 454 gastroesophageal reflux, 195 Blood–brain barrier, 231, 451–452 inflammatory bowel disease, 195 Bloody diarrhea, 5, 17, 41, 45–47, 53–54, 65, irritable bowel syndrome, 194–195 144, 239–240, 242, 252, 301 short bowel syndrome, 194 Bone marrow 14C xylose breath test, 364 biopsy, 240, 249 defined, 192 transplantation, 125, 249, 373 diagnosis, 195–198 Bowel dilation, 202 mechanisms, 192–193 Bowel obstruction, 144, 151, 153–154, symptoms, 193–194 241, 249 treatment Bowel perforation, 143 antibiotics, 198–201 Brainerd diarrhea dietary support, 201–202 chronic secretory diarrhea, 321 mechanical methods, 202 microscopic colitis, 321 Bacteriotherapy, 46 sporadic idiopathic secretory diarrhea, 321 Bacteroides, 191, 349 478 Subject Index Bristol Stool Chart, 437 CD, see Celiac disease (CD) Brush-border membrane, 118, 162, 164 CD4 T-helper cells, 6, 64, 211, 373, 466 + Budesonide, 74–75, 98–99, 202, 366, 398, CD8 lymphocytes, 106, 212 447, 450 CDC, see Centers for Disease Control and Bulk-forming agents, 443, 448–449 Prevention (CDC) Ceftriaxone, 42, 291–293 Celiac disease (CD), 14, 96, 119, 122, 146, C 2+ − 198, 210–212, 301, 312, 316, 330, 342, Ca -activated Cl channel (CLCA), 344–345, 360–361, 365–366, 282–283, 288 369–370, 435 Caffeine, 77, 107, 337, 394, 396, 417, clinical presentation 427, 434 associated diseases, 217–218 Calcitonin atypical, extraintestinal manifestations, -secreting pancreatic endocrine tumors, 276 215–217 thyroid-secreting, 12, 257, 408 typical, gastrointestinal manifestations, Calcium channel blockers (CCB), 453 214–215 Calcium supplements, 167 complications Calprotectin, 21, 69, 198, 316–318, 347, 414, increased mortality rate, 222 436, 439 refractory celiac disease, 221–22 cAMP, see Cyclic adenosine monophosphate diagnosis, role of serology, 219 (cAMP) epidemiology, 210–211 Campylobacter, 4, 8, 14, 20–21, 35–36, 41, gluten free diet, 440 51, 65–66, 68, 348 pathophysiology