KOTESOL PROCEEDINGS 2002 KOTESOL Proceedings 2002 Crossroads: Generational Change in ELT in Asia Proceedings from the 10th Annual KOTESOL International Conference Seoul, Korea, Oct. 5th - 6th, 2002 Korea Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (Korea TESOL / KOTESOL) 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH ANNUAL KOTESOL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, SEOUL, KOREA, OCT. 5-6, 2002 KOTESOL Proceedings 2002 Crossroads: Generational Change in ELT in Asia Proceedings from the 10th Annual KOTESOL International Conference Seoul, Korea Oct. 5th - 6th, 2002 Edited by Korea TESOL Proceedings Editor/Coordinator Gerry Lassche Ajou University Associate Editor David E. Shaffer Chosun University Editorial Staff Kirsten B. Reitan Robert J. Dickey Tsing Hua University Gyeongju University Proceedings Production Poster Design (Cover Imagery) Robert J. Dickey Koeun / Haruweb For information on reprints of articles from this or other Korea TESOL publications, as well as inquiries on membership or advertising, please contact us at www.kotesol.org or [email protected] © 2003 Korea Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (Korea TESOL, KOTESOL). ISSN: 1598-0472 Price: 10,000won / US$10 Free to Members. 2 KOTESOL PROCEEDINGS 2002 The 10th Annual KOTESOL International Conference Seoul, Korea Oct. 5th - 6th, 2002 Conference Committee C. Craig Bartlett Dr. Yang-dong Ju Conference Chair Conference Co-chair Dr. Yeum, Kyung-sook Gerry Lassche Site Chair Program Chair Joan Shin Larry Hoffarth Publicity Coordinator Webmaster Dr. David E. Shaffer Roxanne Silvaniuk Treasurer Vice Treasurer Sharon Morrison David Berry Pre-registration Coordinator On-site registration Coordinator Robert Gallagher Sean O'Connor Member Services Team Coordinator Technical Liaison Sharron Fast Mark Balfe-Taylor Program Guide Co-editor Program Guide Co-editor 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH ANNUAL KOTESOL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, SEOUL, KOREA, OCT. 5-6, 2002 FOREWORD The 2002 Korea TESOL International Conference was held at Sookmyung Womens University in Koreas capital, Seoul. Spanning two days - October 5th and 6th - under the theme Crossroads: Generational Change in ELT, the confer- ence was underpinned by plenary presentations by Dr. Martin Bygate and Dr. Andy Curtis, and featured speakers Pauline Rea-Dickens, David Carless, Gwyneth Fox, Isobel Rainey del Diaz, and Aleda Krause. With 132 different presentations, par- ticipants of widely ranging interests had much to choose from. Presenters came from Korea and Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Philippines, Egypt, Iran, Thai- land, the UK, Canada and the US. Conferences are a never ending series of up- grades, returns to the past, and adjustments: during this Conference we returned to offerings of a poster session, and a wider range of presentation time slots (20, 50, and 70 minutes) were offered. The twenty-two papers in this volume provide a good taste of the range of topics discussed during the Conference, with many emphasizing classroom research. We begin this volume with Andy Curtis plenary presentation paper on managing change in programs. The next article is an In Memorium dedication, recognizing the numerous significant contributions James Gongwer made to Korea TESOL, not least of which was his solid, teacher-oriented scholarship. The initial section of articles is entitled Course Design, discussing various program design issues, including research dealing with anxiety, cross-cultural is- sues, and learner independence. The next section, Assessment, discusses is- sues relating to assessing oracy, orientation to language learning, measuring stu- dents noticing of paralinguistic features of language, and washback effects. Teacher Education includes a paper on the selection and retention of native speaker of English teachers in various Asian settings, and another on the effects of teacher training on teaching practice. Issues in Teaching comprises discussions on learner styles, collocations and learner interference, and accidental research. The last section presents various techniques and materials for classroom use: us- ing the Internet, video, magic and idioms. It is my hope that the papers presented within these KOTESOL Proceedings 2002 will supplement the enjoyment and understanding of presentations for con- ference participants. As well, I hope that this volume can provide a lasting record of the achievements and hard work for all the attendees, volunteers, and present- ers, academic and commercial alike, who made the Conference such a success. Gerry Lassche Proceedings Editor/Coordinator KOTESOL Proceedings 2002 4 KOTESOL PROCEEDINGS 2002 KOTESOL Proceedings 2002 Crossroads: Generational Change in ELT in Asia Proceedings from the 10th Annual KOTESOL International Conference, Taegu, Korea October 5th - 6th, 2002 CONTENTS I. Plenary Speaker Using Models to Visualize Change in Language Education 9 Andy Curtis II. In Memorium A Pilot Study to Investigate the Impact of a Teacher 23 Training Workshop on a Teacher's Pedagogy James Gongwer III. Course Design Student Attrition and Foreign Language Anxiety: 37 An Action Research Project Daniel Armfelt & Gerry Lassche Motivation and Anxiety of Japanese Female EFL Students 51 Ayako Shibuya & Chieko Mimura Integrating L1 Literacy Acquisition Principles and 65 EFL Classrooms Eugene Spindler & Carol Chi-Hyun Kim Student Choice in a Content-Based English Language Class: 79 Content-Based Course Design for ELT in Asia Sean Sutherland & Mark Fraser A Profile of Learners' Cultural Milieu and Cross-Cultural Experiences 87 Mitchell Clark A British Festival in Japan: Fostering Cross-Cultural Understanding 99 Outside the Classroom Stephen J. Davies 5 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH ANNUAL KOTESOL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, SEOUL, KOREA, OCT. 5-6, 2002 CONTENTS (continued) IV. Assessment Conceptual and Practical Problems in Oral Testing 105 Peter Nelson The Effect of Noticing on Paralinguistic Features of 115 EFL Acquisition Don Makarchuk Re-shaping of Consciousness for EFL Performances 125 Byong-won Kim, Joshua Snyder, & Steven Pavelich Impact of China's National College English Test (CET-4) 135 on ESL Instruction Siriluck Usaha & Jun Wang V. Teacher Education The Deployment of English Native-Speakers in 149 State Schools: Comparative Perspectives David Carless What Really Happens in the English Classroom? 165 Aurapan Weerawong VI. Issues in ELT Cross-Cultural Learning Styles Research: 195 How Far Have We Come? Ian Isemonger Burning Questions, but No Burning Answers: 207 Collocation and Idiomaticity Ramesh Krishnamurthy Erring in English: Korean L1 and Cultural Interference 219 David E. Shaffer Accidental Research: The End-Driven Quest 233 Christopher Wolfe 6 KOTESOL PROCEEDINGS 2002 CONTENTS (continued) VII. Techniques and Materials Free Interactive Websites and Online Quizzes: 247 No Programming Required Adam Turner Sailing Techniques on Titanic: Teaching with Video 253 David Berry Magic in EFL: Creating Communicative Contexts for 257 Learning Stephen Fergusson Unlocking the Mystery of English Idioms 267 James Life VIII. Errata Errata: KOTESOL Proceedings 2001 274 IX. Conference Overview Presentations of the 10th Korea TESOL International 278 Conference 7 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH ANNUAL KOTESOL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, SEOUL, KOREA, OCT. 5-6, 2002 8 KOTESOL PROCEEDINGS 2002 Plenary Speaker Using Models to Visualize Change in Language Education ANDY CURTIS Queens University ABSTRACT This paper proposes a visual representation of models of educational change as a way to enable busy English language teachers to process complex series of relationships between many different change agents and influences. The paper starts with a brief consideration of educational change in the Asia-Pacific region, followed by an overview of some familiar models of educational change from the literature, leading into a discussion of the value of visual representations of such models. Eight examples of visual representations are created, transforming the more standard written account into visual displays. Following this, one particular model of educational change is looked at in more detail, as this model proposes a way of targeting support for language teachers implementing and managing change. The paper concludes with a summary of the limitations and the value of such representations. INTRODUCTION In education, Fullans The Meaning of Educational Change (1982), revisited a decade later (1991), is often taken as marking the emergence of change as a distinct area of study within the field (see also Fullan and Hargreaves, 1992). However, if the ancient Chinese text, the I Ching, or Book of Changes (Wilhelm, 1960) and the principles of Tibetan Buddhism are taken into account (Novick, 1999), it might even be claimed that, far from being a twentieth century western concern, the formal and systematic study of change has been an ancient and east- ern concern for a great deal longer. Whatever the origins of this concern, change is a constant, and may even be a universal. However, this may be especially true in education, and may be espe- cially true for countries in Asia, as they have, in many ways, experienced greater societal change in the last 20 years than most other countries. Townsend and Cheng (2000) bought together educational researchers from around the Asia-Pacific re- gion, who considered educational change and development in this region and iden- tified 14 patterns and trends recurring within the educational change contexts they examine (p.319), including: 9 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH ANNUAL KOTESOL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE,