MICROCOPY RESOLUTION,IEST CHART NATI9NAL -BUREN OF:,144:,111101190-A DOCUMENT RESUME ED 079 204 SO 006 004 AUTHOR Banks, James A., Ed. TITLE Teaching Ethnic Studies:Concepts andStrategies. 43rd Yearbook. INSTITUTION National Council for theSocial Studies, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 73 NOTE 315p. AVAILABLE FROMNational Council for the Social Studies, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 ($7.50, Clothbound; $6.00, Paperbound) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Books; Concept Teaching,; Cultural Pluralism; *Ethnic Studies; Feminism; *Minority Groups; *Racism; Social Change; *Social Studies; *Teaching Techniques; Values; Yearbooks ABSTRACT Twelve authors present new conceptual frameworks for studying about ethnic groups, and for analyzing American society, and describe promising strategies and materials in this 431d yearbook. The book is arranged into three major parts. In Part One, the authors proVide perceptive analyses of institutional racism, social justice, and power relationships in America, and also suggest ways in which the teacher can deal with both individual and institutional racism. In addition, one. author describes how ethnic content can be used to spearhead instructional reform. The next five chapters in Part Two focus on the historical and sociological problems of ethnic minority groups, and describe ways in which the teacher can incorporate their experiences into the social studies curriculum. Authors are various members of ethnic groups and speak from their perspective. The final part of this book explores the problems of two groups victimized by stereotypes and cultural assaults -- white ethnics and women. Strategy exercises are appended to several chapters..(Author/SJN) Teaching Ethnic Studies Co-ceptsaiStrategies JAMES A. BANKS, EDITOR NATIONAL COUNCIL 43rd YEARBOOK, 1973 FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES X /' 'FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY Teaching Ethnic Studies Concepts and Strategies .-, Contributors James A. Banks Carlos E. Cortes Mildred Dickeman Jack D. Forbes Geneva Gay Francesco Cordasco David Ballesteros Diego Castellanos Barbara A. Sizemore Mark M. Krug Larry Cuban Janice Law Trecker Lowell K. Y. Chun-Hoon Elizabeth 0. Pearson r ,. 4- tN.1t Teaching Ethnic Studies ir._Concepts and Strategies c) PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL BYMICRO. ;Q FICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTEDBY !Ld.." AL-5-2-5, OPERAT TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONSTHE NA 1 ING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH TIONAL ,INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION t FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE ! r THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRESFERMIS SION OF THE COPYRIGHT ...'NNER" ......__.--------- JAMES A. BANKS, Editor 43rd Yearbook 1973 NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE SOCIAL S'T'UDIES A National Affiliate of the National Education Association 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20036 Paperbound, $6.00; Clothbound, $7.50 NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES Officers for 1973 President Directors Harris L. Dante Joan Alcorn Kent State University James A. Banks Kent, Ohio Charles E. Billings President-Elect H. Thomas Collins Stanley P. Wronski Dorothy L. Dunn Michigan State University Shirley H. Engle East Lansing, Michigan Jean Fair John Jarolimek Vice-President Dana G. Kurfman Jean Tilford John McAulay Cincinnati (Ohio) Public Schools Lee H. Smith Ida Fabian Spirawk Executive Secretary Bob L. Taylor Merrill F. Hartshorn George G.-Watson, Jr. Washington, D.C. Publications Board Associate Secretary T. Marcus Gillespie ROBERT BEERY, Chairman Washington, D.C. ROBERT BARR CHARLES BILLINGS Editor MARK KRUG Daniel Roselle ANNA S. OCHOA Washington, D.C. NANCY SPRAGUE The National Council for the Social Studies is a National Affiliate of the National Education Association of the United States. It is the professional organization of educators at all levelselementary, secondary, college, and universitywho are interested in the teaching of social studies. Membership in the National Council for the Social Studies includes a subscription to the Council's official journal, Social Education, and a copy of the Yearbook. In addition, the Council publishes bulletins, curriculum studies, pamphlets, and other materials of practical use for teachers of the social studies. Membership dues are $15.00 a year. Applications for membership and orders for the purchase of publications should be sent to the Executive Secretary, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Copyright e 1973 by the NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 73-75298 Dedicated to JOHN JAROLIMEK AND JEAN FAIR Two distinguished NCSS Presidents who struggled to eliminate racism and social injustice Foreword We are all immigrants, yet one of the great blots on the record of American democracy is the manner in which the fate of the first inhabi- tants, later arrivals, and minc rity groups in general has been entrusted to the Anglo-Saxon majority.Native Americans were exterminated, cheated, relegated to less desirable lands, and deprived of justice. Black Americans were brought here against their will, enslaved, treated as inferiors, and omitted from the mainstream of American society. Span- ish-speaking Americans have been dealt with as aliens rather than citi- zens and have likewise been exploited and discriminated against. Orien- tal Americans have been regarded as different; inscrutable, mysterious persons, and have experienced loss of civil rights and other privileges of citizenship. Many European ethnic groups have fought their way up from the bottom of the economic ladder only to find themselves on the cutting edge of our great urban problems. Unfortunately, those groups along with the urban poor and other minority groups do not realize the extent to which they are pitted against each other to the advantage of the power structure. American Jews have been the victims of anti- Semitism and often stereotyped, with the diversity that exists among them overlooked. Women have been subordinated in our history and treated as second-class citizens in the economic arena, as well as in day- to-day personal and social relationships. Textbooks and school curricula too often have sustained the status quo, helped entrench the stereotypes, and narrated the myth and the vii folklore. In some instances gestures were made to indicate that various individuals had contributed to American culture but, in general, Mark Twain's "great lie of silence" prevailed. The demands of minority groups for an equal opportunity to sitat the American table of abundance and for an equal chance at the starting block became a major part of the great social upheavals of the 1960's. There were many who believed that the conscience of America was speaking and that we were in turmoil because we took our ideals seri- ously and, in spite of everything, have guilt feelings over our shortcom- ings. Some have said that the self-criticism in which we have engaged and the tolerance granted the protestors indicate that as a society the United States is receptive to change and that many share in part, at least, the belief that things could be better. It haseven been suggested that our complacency has been shaken while there is still time to set things right. There have been indications that many are ready torecog- nize the pluralism of American society and even to value the differences among us more than to insist on conformity. On the other hand, there are some indications that the revolution of the last decade has lost much of its strength. The forces thatare opposed to change are firmly entrenched, the affluent majority has lapsed into indifference, and many Americans are tired and frustrated. This Yeirbook is evidence that the National Council for the Social Studies has not lessened in its concern or given up in its attempt to make the social studies meaningful and useful in aiding teachers and students to understand and to contribute toward the solution of the desperate problems of our time. It is further fitting that this should bea hard- hitting and courageous work, for-while there has been some improve- ment in the treatment of minorities in textbooks it has not been enough. The membership has a right to expect that NCSS publications will deal more forthrightly with social issues than might be expected of commer cial publishers. It is a hopeful sign that in recent years the National Council for the Social Studies has actively been dealing with the real issues that are of prime importance. The programs, the work of its committees, its publications, and other actions indicate that the Council is "getting it together." This Yearbook is further testimony to the direc- tion we have set for ourselves. The editor and the various authors have made a significant contribu- tion in increasing our knowledge, sensitivity, and awareness ofmany things that teachers need to know about in this critical area. Thecon- tributors are not only distinguished scholars, but experts, who have dedicated their lives and their professional careers in teaching and working with the minority groups of whom they write. Teachers will nit only gain insight into a sensitive educational issue, but will learn teach- viii ing strategies ranging from problems of bilingualism to the cultural differences between groups that require a variety of approaches and understandings. Any teacher will profit from learning more about the covert cues to teaching about various ethnic cultures. The National Council for the Social Studies is very much indebted to the authors of this Yearbook. Their contributiodis further evidence of their commitment to the profession and to humanity. HARRIS L. DANTE, President National Council for the Social Studies ix Introduction For any reader, this book will be-a profound experience. It will evoke a wide range of emotions, including pain, anger, compassion, disillusion- ment, despair, admiration, and hope. It is a hard-hitting book written by a group of fighters who have an unrelenting commitment to social justice. Their words are sometimes bitter and incisive, but their restraint is a tribute to their wisdom and scholarship. This is not a book written by a group of irrational radicals who use these pages for a counterproductive catharsis.