Elizabethan Adventurers – key topic 5 knowledge organiser Imperialist = wants to build empires and create colonies Explorer/adventurer = wants to find new places and goods and make money from them Doctor John Dee: Francis Drake Motivation: Motivation: . Change the balance of power – Elizabethan England had been . Daring Elizabethan adventurer. a small and isolated nation whilst Spain and Portugal claimed . Plundered Spanish ships and attacked settlements in his territories in Central and South America. voyages to the Caribbean. 1577 presented this vision of a great empire, ruled by . Sought opportunities for trade and plunder. Elizabeth. Argued that Elizabeth should claim colonies in North America. Coined the term ‘British Empire’. Achievements: . 1577 voyage to furthest parts of Spanish Empire: returned to England with ship packed full of vast quantities of pillaged Achievements: treasure. Gave the Queen and English explorers a vision of an empire to . Knighted on board the Golden Hind – infuriated the King of rival that of Spain. Spain. Offered practical help to adventurers: knowledge of . First Englishman so sail around the world. navigation. Humphrey Gilbert Walter Raleigh Motivation: Motivation: . Determined to pursue his half brother’s dream of establishing a colony in . Establish the first colony in North America America. Discover a north-west passage around America to provide . Driven by possibility of discovering a sea route from Atlantic to the England with a trade route to China. Pacific. Raleigh thought that America could be the gateway to the wealth . Driven by hatred of Catholic Spain. of Asia. Hoped to discover gold in North America, bringing him and the country great riches. Achievements: . First attempt at establishing a colony in 1579 was a Achievements: disaster. Only the ship captained by his younger half . 1585 – began preparations for the colony of Roanoke. brother Walter Raleigh managed to cross Atlantic. Relations with Algonquian people deteriorated. 1583 expedition – took possession of Newfoundland for . 1586 – Fleet of ships led by Francis Drake came to rescue the colonists. Queen Elizabeth = first claim to territory in eastern North = FAILURE America but failed to establish a colony. Newfoundland But the English colonists had learned a lot. was cold and barren, food was scarce. Tried to return home In 1588 Thomas Harriot and John White – Brief and True Report of the New – Gilbert drowned. Found Land of Virginia Ralph Fitch James Lancaster Motivation: Motivation: . Commissioned by the Turkey Company to find out about trade . Invested in the East India Company – this company was opportunities in India, South East Asia and if possible China. founded in 1600 and wanted to transform England’s trade . Wanted to persuade the Mughal Empire and China to trade with with the East. England. Achievements: Achievements: . 1583 - arrested and imprisoned as spies in the Portuguese . In 1602, he established England’s first factory (warehouse) in trading post of Hormuz and taken across the Indian ocean to the East at Bantam on the island of Java At last, English ships Goa. Amazed by what they saw in India – large diamonds for began to return from the East laden with spices. sale/ production of cotton and cloth, peppers, spices. This was an important moment in world history - in the 17th . Travelled through India, as far as the Himalayas and became the C the East India Company would open many factories on the first Englishman to travel in Burma. coast of India and go onto becoming the biggest trading . He picked up valuable information about the sea trade with company the world had ever known. China and the Moluccas (Spice Islands). First Englishman to find out about the possibilities of trade with South East Asia. TIMELINE OF KEY EVENTS 1577 1577 1578 1579 1580 1580 1581 1583 1583 1583 1584 1585 1588 John Dee Francis Drake Queen Elizabeth Gilbert’s first Francis Drake Spain invaded The Turkey Gilbert set sail Ralph Fitch set Fitch was Fitch Fitch arrived at Fitch reached presented his set off sailing gave Gilbert expedition completed the Portugal – Company was again, claimed off on a journey arrested by travelled to Emperor Akbar’s the Portuguese vision of a around the permission to ended in disaster first English English feared formed Newfoundland to India the the court newly built port of Malacca ‘British Empire’ world claim territory in circumnavigation spice trade in but failed to Portuguese of Mughal palace – Fitch but officials North America of the world – India would be establish a and taken to Emperor continued his stopped him Drake was disrupted colony Goa Akbar, journey east from going knighted on (Portuguese northern further. board the colony) India ‘Golden Hind’ 1584 1585 1586 1587 1590 1595 1591 1591 1600 1601 1602 1603 Walter Raleigh was given permission Voyage to Rescue voyage 2nd attempt to 100 settlers at Raleigh’s Ralph Fitch James Lancaster East India East India’s Lancaster James Lancaster to explore and colonise N.America Roanoake led by Drake to colonise Roanake had expedition to returned to sailed on a Company first established arrived back in rescue colonists Roanoake disappeared Guiana England journey to the formed expedition: England’s first England = at Roanoake East – the Lancaster warehouse in The reconnaissance voyage voyage was a was chosen Java disaster to command the ships .