Notes Introduction: Issues of Definition and Evidence 1. Buckridge, “Kind of Exile,” 111. 2. Blackmur, Lion and the Honeycomb, 61. 3. Wolfreys, Writing London, 10. Other books on this subject are John Clement Ball’s Imagining London (2004); Alan Robinson’s Imagining London, 1770–1900 (2004); and John McLeod’s Postcolonial London: Rewriting the Metropolis (2004). Collections of edited essays include David Feldman and Gareth Stedman Jones’s Metropolis London (1989); Susana Onega and John Stotesbury’s London in Literature (2002); Pamela Gilbert’s Imagined Londons (2002); and Lawrence Phillips’s The Swarming Streets (2004). In 1999, the journal of postcoloniality, Kunapipi, devoted an entire issue to readings of the city. Despite the quantity, however, virtually none of this most recent work is by Australians, or touches on representations of London by Australians. 4. Porter, “Anglo-Australian Watershed,” 187. Italics added. Porter himself twice attempted suicide early in his expatriation. 5. Arnold, “Australian Books,” 10.9, 10.14. See his table 10.1 and Appendix. 6. Miller, Australian Literature: A Bibliography . Extended to 1950 . by Frederick T. Macartney. It claims to include all authors who were “connected with Australia . irrespective of whether or not they . continue to reside here” (vi). Arnold was unable to use the major reference work of which he is joint editor (Arnold & Hay, eds., Bibliography of Australian Literature) because at the time of writing it was incomplete. 7. Hornung has an entry in ADB but Roberts and Farjeon do not. Hornung, Farjeon, and Roberts all have entries in ODNB, where, not surprisingly, they are treated as exclusively English authors. 8. The pseudonym was based on her first married name. She was born Effie Maria Henderson, later Albanesi. 9. Nisbet, Explanatory, ii. 10. Blathwayt, “How to Escape,” 88–90. If Woolven’s article “Hume” is correct, the £50 is not the full story, for Hume had retained the dramatic rights, which must have been quite valuable as the stage version had long runs in Australia and London. 11. [Theodore Flatau obituary], 9. 248 Notes 12. Bowen, Drawn from Life, 191. She had “lent” large sums from her Australian capital to the egotistical Ford, who never repaid her. At times the two of them and their daughter lived entirely on the £20 a month Bowen had from her family’s estate in Adelaide. See Modjeska, Stravinsky’s Lunch, 54. 13. L. Lindsay, “Australian Should Travel,” 11. 14. There is an account of her career in Smith, “Inez Bensusan.” She apparently died in England some time after 1935. 15. Fox, Australia, 186. 1 Sailing for Eldorado: Going Home in the Literary Imagination 1. Tasma, Not Counting the Cost, 26–27. 2. H. Lawson, “The Rush to London”: probably written 1900; published in For Australia (1913). Reprinted in Collected Verse, I, 386. 3. Dawson, Record, 136–37. 4. H. Lawson, “A Song of Southern Writers,” Bulletin, May 28, 1892. Reprinted in Collected Verse, I, 199–200. 5. According to Price, “Immigration,” Table 1.2. 6. H. Lawson, “The Sweet Uses of London,” 167. 7. The poem, titled “The Harriet,” is dated July 1920 but was never published; it is printed from an MS in H. Lawson, Collected Verse, III, 392–93. It imi- tates Kipling’s poem “The Three-Decker” (1894), about novels in that for- mat, which uses the same ship metaphor and is in the same “fourteener” metre. 8. Quoted in Roderick, Lawson, 246. Tasker & Sussex, ‘ “That Wild Run to London,’ ” recently uncovered new biographical information. See also Barnes, “Lawson and Pinker.” 9. F. James, “London Letter,” 62. 10. See also the relevant entries in Ramson, Australian National Dictionary. Yet, in 1911, Miles Franklin uses it quite naturally in a letter referring to a brief visit to London from Chicago: “Perhaps if I had gone straight home to London from Australia I would have looked upon it as a different country.” (Franklin, Congenials, II, 68). 11. F. W. L. Adams, Australians, 41. In Mack’s “A Woman’s Letter” (Bulletin, April 13, 1901) appears this item: “Miss McEachern, who came from ‘Ome with her mother, was a pretty, fragile child.” The intent is obviously humorous. 12. Lawson, “From the Bush,” When I Was King and Other Verses (1905). Reprinted in Collected Verse, I, 387. 13. Greater London: 7.1 million in 1911; 7.3m in 1921; 8.1m in 1931; 8.1m in 1951. (The 1941 census was cancelled.) Australia: 4.5m in 1910; 5.4m in 1920; 6.5m in 1930; 7.0m in 1940; 8.3m in 1950. 14. Koch, Crossing the Gap, 2–3. 15. Martin, ‘ “Pursuing Literature,’ ” 2. Notes 249 16. Mack, Australian Girl, 240–41. 17. Boyd, “Their Link with Britain,” 244. 18. Moorehead, Rum Jungle, 18. Moorehead titled the first, autobiographical chapter of this book “A Nameless, Hopeless Distress.” 19. Foster, ed. Self Portraits, 60. 20. Blakemore, Arguments with England, 14–15. 21. Moorehead, Rum Jungle, 21–22. Italics added. 22. North, ed. Yarn Spinners, 15. 23. Howard, Fabulist, 165. 24. Rosman, Tower Wall, 236–38. Telegraph costs up to 1902 are itemized in Inglis, “Imperial Connection.” 25. Stead, For Love Alone, 248, 251. Crow leaves in August 1933, and Teresa has a first letter in December. After answering it, she has to wait until “late March 1934” for an answer. 26. Richardson, Letters, III, 260. Letter of March 30, 1938. 27. Richardson, Letters, II, 421. Letter of October 30, 1932. 28. Richardson, Letters, II, 444. Letter of March 20, 1933. Rees had had the temerity to refer to her subject as “a middle-aged gentlewoman,” though it was no more than the truth. Richardson was sixty-three at the time. 29. Richardson, Letters, III, 145. Letter of December 30, 1935. 30. Richardson, Letters, II, 467. Letter of July 23, 1933. 31. For example, James to Cusack, May 19, 1948, where she records that a letter from Cusack posted nine days earlier had arrived. North, ed. Yarn Spinners, 180. 32. Adelaide, “How Did Writers,” 90. 33. P. Lindsay, Same Life Over, 116, 133. 34. P. Lindsay, Mangle, 51. The Mangle flats also appear in Journey’s End, another MS novel set entirely in Sydney, dated 1929, presumably just before Lindsay left for London. Jack Lindsay mentions in his autobiography three (other?) novels by his brother that were never published: Snakes and Ladders, Farewell Rocking-Horse, and Jesting Venus. Apparently none of these has survived. 35. Autograph letter, probably 1929, Philip to Norman Lindsay, bound in the MS of The Mangle. 36. P. Lindsay, Mangle, 131–32. In fact, Stephensen’s Endeavour Press repub- lished Jonah, a novel of working-class Sydney life, in 1933. John Hunter, the youthful, brilliant Professor of Anatomy at Sydney, was something of a hero in the Lindsay circle. He contracted enteric fever on his way to England in 1924 and died on arrival at the age of twenty-six. 37. According to his autobiography. P. Lindsay, Same Life Over, 145. His pas- sage, in a cabin with five other men, cost £38. 38. Franklin, My Career Goes Bung, 233. The novel was drafted in 1902, before Franklin left Australia herself for Chicago in 1906. 39. Boyd, Lucinda Brayford, 295–96. 40. Mack, “Impressions,” 32. 41. W. James, Bachelor Betty, 18. 250 Notes 42. Pesman, Duty Free, 23. Inglis, “Going Home,” offers similar figures, as does Bridge, “More than just Barry,” 1–2. 43. Alomes, When London Calls, 1, 13. The money came from a settlement of a workplace injury in which McKern had lost an eye. 44. Pesman, Duty Free, 24. 45. Dawson, Record, 196. 46. Stead, For Love Alone, 241. 47. Undated letter, quoted by Mendelssohn, Lionel Lindsay, 94. 48. Thirkell, Trooper, 90, 93. 49. Loch, Fringe, 59–62 50. Kershaw, Pleasure, 46. 51. Rickards, Painted Banquet, 2. 52. H. Lawson, “A Song of Southern Writers,” Bulletin, May 28, 1892. Reprinted in Collected Verse, I, 199–200. 53. Quoted in Matters, “Journalist,” 170. 2 A Gout of Bile: Metic and Immigrant Expatriates 1. P. Lindsay, Mangle, 50. 2. McCarthy, “Exiles,” 706. 3. Alomes, When London Calls, 11. The Australian Oxford’s definition is sim- ply “a political exile.” 4. Oxford English Dictionary Online, “exile,” n.1. Italics added. 5. Igor Pomerantsev’s observation, quoted in Ingram, “Introduction: On the Contrary, Outside of It,” 3. 6. McNulty was an expatriate for nineteen years and died at Chelsea. See Griffen-Foley, “McNulty.” 7. Buckridge, “Kind of Exile,” 111. 8. Lynch had left at the age of twenty-six. As an Irishman he had fought on the wrong side in the Boer War. Fluent in six languages, he recounts in My Life Story how he lived for a fortnight on two shillings while trying to break into journalism. 9. Adelaide, ed. Bright and Fiery Troop, 10. 10. Curiously, this evocative word has no entry at all in the online edition of the Australian National Dictionary. The Macquarie Dictionary mentions “with- drawing allegiance” as part of its definition, and its example of usage refers to expatriation for cultural reasons. The Australian Oxford Dictionary also mentions the withdrawal of citizenship or allegiance in its definition. 11. Cowley, Exile’s Return, 292. 12. Waugh, The Loved One, 4. 13. “Migrant,” like “expatriate,” has long had a specific meaning in Australia, suggested by a quotation from the Sydney Daily Mail of 1922: “Call [new European arrivals] migrants, because to go from Britain to Australia is only to pass from one part of Great Britain to another.” See OED Online, “migrant,” Notes 251 B.n.3.b. The latter clause is true no longer, yet for an Australian to refer in common speech to someone travelling the other way as a “migrant” is still inconceivable nearly a century later.