Namibia Demographic and Health Survey 2000 Ministry of Health and Social Services Windhoek, Namibia October 2003 1 This report presents the findings from the 2000 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (2000 NDHS), which was undertaken by the Ministry of Health and Social Services in collaboration with the Central Bureau of Statistics of the National Planning Commission. The Ministry of Health and Social Services was the main source of funding for the survey with additional financial assistance from UNICEF, HSSSP, UNFPA, French Cooperation, EU, GTZ, WHO, Spanish Cooperation and NaSoMa. Technical assistance was provided by the Demographic and Health Surveys programme at ORC Macro under contract with MOHSS. Additional information about the 2000 NDHS may be obtained free of charge from the Ministry of Health and Social Services, Directorate Policy, Planning and Human Resource Development, Private Bag 13198, Harvey Street, Windhoek, Namibia (telephone: 264-61 203 9111; fax: 264-61 227 607, website: healthforall.net/grnmhss). Information about the DHS Project may be obtained by contacting ORC Macro, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, U.S.A. (telephone: 301-572-0200; fax: 301-572-0999). Selected citation: Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) [Namibia]. 2003. Namibia Demographic and Health Survey 2000. Windhoek, Namibia: MOHSS 2 CONTENTS Tables and Figures ................................................................................................................................... vii Foreword................................................................................................................................................. xiii Preface ......................................................................................................................................................xv Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... xvii Summary of Findings.............................................................................................................................. xix Map of Namibia ..................................................................................................................................... xxii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Geography, History and Economy....................................................................................1 1.2 Population .........................................................................................................................2 1.3 Health Services and Programmes .....................................................................................2 1.4 Survey Objectives and Implementation of the Project......................................................3 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND RESPONDENTS 2.1 Population by Age and Sex...............................................................................................9 2.2 Household Composition .................................................................................................10 2.3 Fosterhood and Orphanhood...........................................................................................11 2.4 Education Level of Household Population .....................................................................13 2.5 School Attendance ..........................................................................................................17 2.6 Housing Characteristics ..................................................................................................19 2.7 Background Characteristics of Respondents...................................................................25 2.8 Educational Level of Survey Respondents .....................................................................27 2.9 Access to Media..............................................................................................................30 2.10 Employment and Occupation..........................................................................................31 2.11 Women’s Status..............................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 3 FERTILITY 3.1 Current Fertility..............................................................................................................47 3.2 Fertility Differentials ......................................................................................................48 3.3 Fertility Trends ...............................................................................................................49 3.4 Children Ever Born.........................................................................................................50 3.5 Births Intervals................................................................................................................51 3.6 Age at First Birth ............................................................................................................53 3.7 Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood..............................................................................54 3.8 Attempts to Investigate Induced Abortion......................................................................56 CHAPTER 4 FERTILITY REGULATION 4.1 Knowledge of Family Planning ......................................................................................57 4.2 Ever Use of Family Planning..........................................................................................59 4.3 Current Use of Contraception .........................................................................................62 4.4 Number of Children at First Use of Contraception.........................................................68 Contents | iii 4.5 Knowledge of the Ovulatory Cycle ................................................................................68 4.6 Timing of Sterilisation ....................................................................................................69 4.7 Sources of Contraceptive Methods .................................................................................69 4.8 Informed Choice .............................................................................................................70 4.9 Intention to Use Family Planning Among Nonusers ......................................................71 4.10 Exposure to Messages about Condoms...........................................................................73 4.11 Attitudes Towards Family Planning ...............................................................................74 CHAPTER 5 OTHER DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY 5.1 Current Marital Status.....................................................................................................79 5.2 Polygyny .........................................................................................................................80 5.3 Age at First Marriage......................................................................................................82 5.4 Age at First Sexual Intercourse.......................................................................................84 5.5 Recent Sexual Activity ...................................................................................................86 5.6 Postpartum Amenorrhoea, Abstinence and Insusceptibility ...........................................89 5.7 Termination of Exposure to Pregnancy ..........................................................................90 CHAPTER 6 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 6.1 Desire for More Children................................................................................................91 6.2. Need for Family Planning Services ................................................................................96 6.3 Ideal Number of Children ...............................................................................................98 6.4 Fertility Planning ..........................................................................................................101 CHAPTER 7 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 7.1 Definitions, Methodology and Assessment of Data Quality.........................................105 7.2 Childhood Mortality Levels and Trends.......................................................................106 7.3 Childhood Mortality Differentials ................................................................................107 7.4 Perinatal Mortality ........................................................................................................110 7.5 High-Risk Fertility Behaviour ......................................................................................110 CHAPTER 8 ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 8.1 The Data........................................................................................................................113 8.2 Direct Estimates of Adult Mortality .............................................................................114 8.3 Estimates of Maternal Mortality ...................................................................................115 CHAPTER 9 MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 9.1 Antenatal Care..............................................................................................................117 9.2 Delivery Care................................................................................................................121 9.3 Postnatal Care...............................................................................................................125