TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, VolumeVolume 10(1), 10(2), October April 20192018 Journal of Historical Studies BAYU ANGGORO, SARIYATUN & SUSANTO Volume 10(1), October 2018 Print-ISSN 2085-0980 The Planggatan Temple Strengtheners of Religious People’sContents Solidarity in Central Java ABSTRACT: Culture is a very long root of a human civilization. No human being does not create culture; Forewordon the other. [ii] hand, humans always create thinkers to take action and make a term, and this is called “culture”. Special culture in the Indonesian archipelago, and more specifically Java and contemporary times, Hindu-Buddhist is about a place of worship called “Candi” (Temple). Temple as the highest form of ETTYsociety SARINGENDYANTI, when it became a representation NINA HERLINA of civilization & MUMUH (copyright, MUHSIN taste, ZAKARIA, and intention), all of which are Trithe Tangtu result ofon human Sunda thought Wiwitan in theDoctrine past that in canthe beXIV-XVII realized Century in the form. [1-14] of temples. This article, by by using the historical method, qualitative approach, and literature study, tries to elaborate the Javanese material RETNOculture, WINARNI especially the & RATNAPlanggatan ENDANG temple site,WIDUATIE, and its function as making the religious people solidarity in Jember’sCentral JavaDevelopment in the period from of Hindu-Buddhist.the Traditional The Authority Planggatan to Modern temple siteGovernment has had a. different[15-30] pattern from the other temples in Java. The Planggatan temple site is also a picture of harmony solidarity contained in one corner of the relief. A temple is a place of worship from the relics of the past that originated from Hindu- MUHAMMADBuddhist religion, ADI which SAPUTRA, has meaning UMASIH “Candika & SARKADI, Graha”, meaning that “Candika” is Goddess of Death and The“Graha Impact or Griyo” of Discovery is House, Learning which applies and Criticalto the whole Thinking house to live in the spirit that has left the world. The towardsPlanggatan Learning itself isOutcomes a temple thatof Indonesian is used entirely History with. [31-44]these works. The Planggatan is the place where the spirits of the people are buried in the Planggatan temple site itself. This, on the other side, the Planggatan SOPAATtemple site RAHMAT tells not SELAMETonly as a place & SETIA for spirits GUMILAR, to reside, but also tells about the norms of everyday life that Thewe Roles are able of Indigenousto see in their Entrepreneurs unique uses on intemple Dealing rocks, with which the are Dutch increasingly Colonialism faint in appearance statue. KEY WORDS: Planggatan Temple Site; Javanese Culture; Relief; Solidarity. in Garut, West Java, 1903-1942. [45-58] REFNIINTRODUCTION YULIA, ZULFA & HENDRA NALDI, for conversation, or carrefour, among the ImprovingJava island the hasGovernment been for Policytwo centuries on the Arat Sabulungancivilizations Tradition around the globe and its process inthat Mentawai fascinates Islands observers. [59-74] and researchers, is never ending until now (Teeuw, 1980 and both foreign and Indonesian researchers 1997; and Rahardjo, 2011). Info-tawarikh-edutainmentthemselves. They, said A. Teeuw. [75-86] (1980 and About a thousand years, from the 5th 1997) as cited also in Supratikno Rahardjo century to the 15th century, throughout India (2011), were fascinated by the astounding and China civilizations develop in Sumatra, Javanese cultural diversity. Throughout Java, and Bali. Especially in the continuous itsTAWARIKH: history, JavaJournal has of indeedHistorical been Studies on awill road provide a peer-reviewedinteraction forum and for theosmosis publication with of local thought-leadership conditions, articles, briefings, discussion, applied research, case and comparative studies, expert comment and analysis on the key issues surrounding the history education and historical studies in general and its various aspects. Analysis will be practicalAbout theand Authors: rigorous Bayu in nature. Anggoro, The S.Pd. TAWARIKH is a Student journal, of History with Education print ISSN at the 2085-0980, Postgraduate was Program firstly published UNS (Universitas on October Negeri Sebelas28, 2009, Maret in or the State context University to commemorate of March 11), Jalan the YouthIr. Sutami Pledge No.36-A, Day Kentingan, in Indonesia. Jebres, Since Surakarta, issue ofCentral October Java, 2009 Indonesia. to date, Prof. the Dr. SariyatunTAWARIKH and journal Dr. Susanto has been are the organized Lecturers and of History published at the by Postgraduate Minda Masagi Program Press UNS owned in Surakarta, by ASPENSI Central (the Java, Association Indonesia. Forof academicIndonesian interests, Scholars the authorsof History are ableEducation) to be contacted in Bandung, via e-mail West address Java, at:Indonesia. [email protected] This journal is published twice a year i.e. everySuggested October Citation: and April. Anggoro, For period Bayu, 2012Sariyatun to 2017, & Susanto. the TAWARIKH The journal Planggatan was accreditedTemple Strengtheners by Ditjendikti of Religious Kemdikbud People’s RI Solidarity(Directorate-General in Central Java of” inHigher TAWARIKH: Education, Journal Ministry of Historical of Education Studies, Volume and Culture 10(2), ofApril, the pp.121-132.Republic of Bandung,Indonesia); Indonesia: and indexed Minda Masagialso by Press SINTA owned Level by ASPENSI,2 owned ISSN by Kemenristekdikti 2085-0980 (print). RI (Ministry(2019). “of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the RepublicArticle of Timeline: Indonesia) Accepted in Jakarta. (October Available 28, 2018); online Revised also (December at: www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 27, 2018); and Published (April 30, 2019). © 2018© 2019 by Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 121i ISSN 2085-0980 and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh BAYU ANGGORO, SARIYATUN & SUSANTO, The Planggatan Temple although the locality of the Indonesian human life that cannot be ignored in one archipelago problem can still contain its unit. Only by uniting them together, we can profound authenticity. This is what made the understand them completely. On the other historians, like Sartono Kartodirdjo (1988) hand, habit or civilization is also a symptom and other scholars, stated that together with the history of the Indonesian archipelago, if the subject is very widely referred to as a the island of Java, from the voyages of study.of a complex There isproblem no exception that will that be complex classified Java ancient society, commerce, and the center can also be solved if this broad assessment of the kingdom, even the VOC (Vereenigde is further pursued in highlighting Java in Oost-Indische Compagnie or Association of relation to certain cultures (Degroot, 1972; East-Hindia Company owned by the Dutch) Rahardjo, 2011; and Lehner, 2017). have chosen the island of Java as a strategic Works on culture need to be heard from various parties involved in the study of the the results of past interaction civilizations history of the Indonesian people. Many inpriority. Java (Kartodirdjo, Here are many 1988; new Claver, findings 2014; from and studies can be used with big strokes of what Shabrina, 2018). happens with regard to the institutions in The number of cultures, that have been old Javanese society. This period is the point produced and not be evidenced by the world, of the study that is right for India civilization are not maintained until the end of the 18th and its impact in the Indonesian archipelago, century. According to Supratikno Rahardjo (2011), and other scholars, it is shown when Buddhist” era. And many scientists also representand there isthis a past period the with so-called the mention “Hindu- of History of Java at the beginning of the 19th century;Thomas StamfordP.J. Veth (1875) Raffles began (1965) to wrote gather the the relationship between the Java island and studies on problems and deep Javanese otherthe “classical” civilizations period; in the but, world on the is otheralso not hand, society with entitled Java, Geographisch, only at the time of Hindu-Buddhist, also the Ethnologisch, Historisch, in the period of same time as the Islamic period more than 1878-1882; followed by N.J. Krom (1931) a tapering (cf Ricklefs, 1993; Frederick & on Hindu Javaansche Geschiedenis (History Worden eds., 2011; and Anggoro, Sariyatun & of Hindu Java); then Theodore G.Th. Pigeaud Susanto, 2019). (1962) with Java in the 14th Century: A Study This article – by using the historical in Cultural History, the Nagara Kertagama method, qualitative approach, and literature by Rakawi Prapanca of Majapahit, 1365 A.D., study (Sjamsuddin, 2007; Zed, 2008; in the period 1960-1963; the same year of Creswell, 2012; and Kuntowijoyo, 2013) 1960s, when Clifford Geertz (1960) wrote – tries to elaborate the Javanese material The Religion of Java; and the last is Denys culture, especially Planggatan temple, and Lombard (1990) who wrote Le Carrefour its function as making the religious people Javanais: Essai d’Histoire Globale (the Javanese solidarity in Central Java in the period of Crossroads: Towards a Global History). And Hindu-Buddhist. It will be analysed: (1) only Koentjaraningrat (1985) wrote complete the Javanese Hindu-Buddhist and Material anthropology about the Javanese Culture Culture; and (2) the Planggatan Tempe Site (Veth, 1875; Krom, 1931; Geertz, 1960; and its Function. Koentjaraningrat, 1985; Mault, 2005; and FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Rahardjo,Pigeaud, 1962; 2011). Raffles,