Contents The Sheyenne River Study Unit ......................................................................................... 1 Description of the Sheyenne River Study Unit ............................................................... 1 Physiography............................................................................................................... 1 Drainage ...................................................................................................................... 7 Climate ........................................................................................................................ 7 Flora and Fauna........................................................................................................... 8 Other Natural Resource Potential ............................................................................... 9 Overview of Previous Archeological Work .................................................................... 9 Inventory Projects ....................................................................................................... 9 Fort Ransom.......................................................................................................... 14 Lake Jessie ............................................................................................................ 15 Camp Grafton North ............................................................................................. 15 Pipelines ................................................................................................................ 16 Formal Test Excavation Projects .............................................................................. 17 Grahams Island ..................................................................................................... 24 Camp Grafton North ............................................................................................. 25 Camp Grafton South ............................................................................................. 27 Pipelines ................................................................................................................ 29 Fargo-Moorhead Flood Diversion Projects ......................................................... 30 National Register of Historic Places ......................................................................... 30 Major Excavation and Salvage Projects ................................................................... 30 Dahnke-Reinke Site ............................................................................................... 34 Horner-Kane Site .................................................................................................. 35 Camp Grafton North ............................................................................................. 35 Camp Grafton South ............................................................................................. 36 Stone Circle and Cairn Sites ..................................................................................... 36 Other Work ............................................................................................................... 38 Paleo-Indian Period ....................................................................................................... 39 Paleo-Environmental Modeling ................................................................................ 39 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................................. 40 Settlement Behavior .................................................................................................. 40 Native Subsistence Practices..................................................................................... 40 Technologies ............................................................................................................. 41 Artifact Styles ........................................................................................................... 41 Regional Interaction .................................................................................................. 41 Historic preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ............................................. 41 Plains Archaic Period .................................................................................................... 42 Paleo-Environmental Modeling ................................................................................ 42 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................................. 42 Settlement Behavior .................................................................................................. 43 Native Subsistence Practices..................................................................................... 43 Technologies ............................................................................................................. 44 Artifact Styles ........................................................................................................... 44 Regional Interaction .................................................................................................. 44 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ............................................. 44 Plains Woodland Period ................................................................................................ 45 Paleo-Environmental Modeling ................................................................................ 46 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................................. 47 Settlement Behavior .................................................................................................. 48 Native Subsistence Practices..................................................................................... 48 Technologies ............................................................................................................. 49 Artifact Styles ........................................................................................................... 49 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ............................................. 50 Plains Village Period..................................................................................................... 51 Paleo-Environmental Modeling ................................................................................ 54 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................................. 54 Settlement Behavior .................................................................................................. 55 Native Subsistence Practices..................................................................................... 55 Technologies ............................................................................................................. 55 Artifact Styles ........................................................................................................... 56 Regional Interaction .................................................................................................. 56 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ............................................. 56 Equestrian/Fur Trade Period ......................................................................................... 57 Paleo-Environmental Modeling ................................................................................ 57 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................................. 57 Settlement Behavior .................................................................................................. 58 Native Subsistence Practices..................................................................................... 58 Technologies ............................................................................................................. 58 Artifact Styles ........................................................................................................... 58 Regional Interaction .................................................................................................. 58 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ............................................. 59 The Sheyenne River Study Unit Fern E. Swenson and Amy C. Bleier 2016 The Sheyenne River Study Unit (SRSU) is located in eastern North Dakota. The SRSU is adjacent to the Northern Red River Study Unit (SU) to the east and north; the Southern Red River SU to the south and southeast; and to the James River, Souris River, and Southern Missouri River SU to the west. Description of the Sheyenne River Study Unit The SRSU covers 10,996 mi² including the Devils Lake basin. Figures 12.1 and 12.1A illustrate the SU and several principal tributaries within it. The river lies entirely within North Dakota. All or parts of McHenry, Ransom, Richland, Cass, Barnes, Stutsman, Steele, Griggs, Foster, Eddy, Nelson, Walsh, Ramsey, Cavalier, Towner, Rolette, Benson, Pierce, Sheridan, and Wells counties are in the SRSU. Table 12.1 is a complete list of the townships in the SU. Physiography The SU is primarily in the Drift Prairie physiographic zone of the Central Lowlands physiographic province (Bluemle 1979:4). The Drift Prairie is a glaciated plain with features resulting from Late Wisconsinian glacial action. The