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Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) 0-A 14 (NASA-CR- 159941) PUBLIC SERVICE USER H79-3029 TERMINUS STUDY COMPENDIUM OF TFRNINUS EQUIPMENT (Edutel CommunicatiOns and Development„ Inc.) 259 - p RC Al2/NF A01 Unclas CSCL 1 7B G3/32 35114 PUBLIC SERVICE USER TERMINUS STUDY COMPENDIUM OF TERMINUS EQUIPMENT MAY 1, 1979 SUBMITTED TO; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS & ''ACE ADMINISTRATION GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 3 GREENBELT ROAD GREENBELT, MARYLAND 20771 SEP1979 N RECEIVED; UNDER CONTRACT NO$ NAS5-25403 NASA STI FACIA p^ ACCESS DEE^^ BY: EDUTEL COMMUNICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT, INC. 701 WELCH ROAD . SUITE 225 PALO ALTO CALIFCRNIA 94304 415/328/4972 .! TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ................................. 1 1.1 PURPOSE ..................................................... 1 1.2 ARRANGEMENT OF THE COMPENDIUM ............................... 2 2. VOICE/TELEPHONY/FACSIMILE EQUIPMENT ......................... 4 2.1 TELEPHONY AND PABX EQUIPMENT ................................ 5 2.1.1 General Description and Specifications .............. 5 2.1.1.1 PABX Equipment ......... .... ...... ............ 5 2.1.1.2 Telephone Instruments and Ancillary Equipment ....... 9 2.1.2 Future Developments in PABX and DAMA Products ....... 10 2.2 MICROPHONES ................................................. 15 2.2.1 General Description and Specifica p-ions .............. 15 2.2.2 Future Trends ....................................... 16 2.3 SPEAKERS AND ENCLOSURES ..................................... 21 2.3.1 General Description and Specifications .............. 21 2.3.2 Future Trends ....................................... 22 2.4 AUDIO AMPLIFIERS ............................................ 27 2.4.1 General Description and Specifications .............. 27 2.4.2 Future Trends ....................................... 32 2.5 OTHER AUDIO EQUIPMENT ....................................... 33 2.5.1 General Description and Specifications .............. 33 2.5.2 Future Trends ....................................... 36 2.6 RECORDING EQUIPMENT ......................................... 37 2.6.1 General Description and Specifications .............. 37 2.6.1.1 Reel-to-Reel Equipment .............................. 37 2.6.1.2 Cassette Recorders .................................. 37 2.6.1.3 Cartridge Recorders ................................. 39 2.6.1.4 Tape Recorder Specifications ........................ 40 2.6.2 Future Trends ....................................... 44 i -J TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 2.7 RADIOTELEPHONE EQUIPMENT' ................................... 45 ` 2.7.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 45 _ 2.7.1.1 Air-Ground Radiotelephone ....................... 45 } 2.7.1.2 Land Mobile Radio ............................... 46 2.7.1.3 Phone Patch ..................................... 46 2.7.1.4 Specifications: Air-to-Ground and Land Mobile Communications .................. 46 2.7.2 Future Trends ................................... 51 2.8 SUBSCRIBER LOOP RADIO ...................................... 52 2.8.1 The Control Terminal ............................ 52 2.8.2 Base Station Radio Equipment .................... 52 2.8.3 Subscriber Premise Equipment......................... .................... 54 2.8.4 Miscellaneous Equipment 54 2.8.5 Future Trends ...... ......... ... 54 2.9 SHORTWAVE RADIO ............................................ 56 4 - 2.9.1 Future Trends ................................... 56 2.10 FACSIMILE ............................................ ..... 58 2.10.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 58 2.10.2 Future Trends ................................... 65 3. DATA/GRAPHICS TERMINALS .................................... 66 3.1 DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORKS ................................ 67 3.1.1 Front-end Processors ............................ 69 3.1.2 Message Concentrators ........................... 70 3.1.3 Remote Job Entry Systems ........................ 70 3.1.4 Computer Types .................................. 71 3.1.4.1 Large Computers .............................. 72 3.1.4.2 Mid-Range and Mini-Computers .................... 72 3.1.4.3 Microprocessors ................................. 73 3.2 TELEPRINTER TERMINALS ..........e ........................... 76 3.2.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 76 3.2.2 Future Trends ................................... 87 3.3 VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS .................................... 88 3.3.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 88 3.3.2 Future Trends ................................... 98 ii U TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 3.4 RECEIVE ONLY PRINTERS ...................................... 99 3.4.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 99 3.4.2 Future Trends ................................... 116 3.5 GRAPHICS DISPLAY TERMINALS ................................. 117 3.5.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 117 3.5.2 Future Trends in Graphic Terminals .............. 119 3.6 DATA MODEM EQUIPMENTS ...................................... 132 F 3.6.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 132 F 3.6.1.1 Modulation ...................................... 132 3.6.1.2 Synchronization ....... .... ................... 132 ' 3.6.1,3 Line Requirements and Digital Interface ......... 133 3.6.1.4 Full-Duplex Operation ........................... 134 3.6.1.5 Specifications and Costs of Data Modems ......... 134 3.6.2 Future Trends ................................... 140 4. FULL MOTION AND PROCESSED VIDEO EQUIPMENT .................. 142 4.1 VIDEO CAMERAS .............................................. 142 f 4.1.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 142 ' 4.1.2 Future Trends .......,...... .............. ...... 155 4.1.2.1 Solid State Cameras ............................. 155 4,2 VIDEO TAPE RECORDERS ....................................... 157 4.2.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 157 4.2.2 Future Trends ................................... 165 4.3 VIDEO MONITORS ............................................. 166 4.3.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 166 4.3.2 Future Trends ................................... 173 4.4 VIDEO PROJECTION EQUIPMENT ................................. 174 4.4.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 174 4.4.2 Future Trends ............................. ..... 179 4.5 SATELLITE VIDEO DEMODULATORS/MODULATORS .................... 180 4.5.1 General Description and Specifications .... ..... 180 4.5.2 Future Trends ................................... 188 iii .y . .._... ..... i TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 4.6 PROCESSED (SLOW-SCAN) VIDEO ................................ 189 4.6.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 189 4.6.1.1 Technical Discussion ............................ i89 4.6.1.2 Slow-scan Video Specifications .................. 191 zz 4 .6.2 Future Trends ................................... 195 4.7 SPECIAL PURPOSE PROCESSED VIDEO EQUIPMENT ,................. 196 s. 4.7.1 General Description and Specifications .......... 196 4.7.1.1 GOES/SMS Receiving Systems ...................... 197 4.7.1.2 GOES and GOES/TAP Systems ....................... 199 4.7.1.3 Scan Converters ................................. 201 4.7.2 Future Trends ................................... 203 5. MULTIPLE ACCESS EQUIPMENT .................................. 204 5.1 FDM/FDMA EQUIPMENT ......................................... 204 5.2 GENERAL DISCUSSION ......................................... 204 5.3 FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING ............................ 207 5.3.1 Performance Characteristics of an FDM System .... 208 5.3.1.1 Loading ......................................... 208 5.3.1.2 Pilot Tones ..................................... 209 5.3.1.3 Noise Measurements .............................. 210 5.3.1.4 Distortion ... ..................... ........... 210 5.3.2 FDM Equipment Manufacturers and Models .......... 211 5.4 TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING ................................. 219 5.4.1 Performance Characteristic of a TDM System ...... 227 5.4.2 TOM Equipment Manufacturers and Models .......... 229 5.5 SINGLE-CHANNEL -PER--CARRIER (SCPC) AND DEMAND ASSIGNMENT MULTIPLE ACCESS (DAMA) EQUIPMENT .......................... 236 5.5.1 SCPC Equipment .............................. 237 5.5.1.1 General Description ............................ 237 5.5.1.2 Common Equipment .................. ............ 237 5.5.1.3 Channel Equipment .. ........ ................. 238 5.5.1.4 Equipment Specifications and Costs ............. 238 5.5.2 DAMA Equipment .... .. ....... ................. 239 5.5.2.1 Major Functions to be Performed ................ 243 5.5.2.1.1 Station identification ......................... 243 5.5.2.1.2