Alaska Outer Continental Shelf OCS EIS/EA BOEM 2012-081 ION Geophysical 2012 Seismic Survey Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea, Alaska ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Prepared By: Office of Environment Alaska OCS Region Cover Illustrations provided by ION Geophysical for ION G&G Permit Application #12-01 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management October 2012 Alaska OCS Region This Page Intentionally Left Blank 2012 ION Seismic Survey Environmental Assessment Acronyms and Abbreviations ~ ....................................Approximately AAC ..............................Alaska Administrative Code ACIA .............................Arctic Climate Impact Assessment ACP ...............................Arctic Coastal Plain ADEC ............................Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation ADF&G .........................Alaska Department of Fish and Game AEWC ...........................Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission AFMP ............................Arctic Fishery Management Plan AO .................................Arctic Oscillation AQCR ............................Air Quality Control Regions bbl ..................................Barrel/Barrels BOEM ...........................Bureau of Ocean Energy Management BOEMRE ......................Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement CAA ..............................Clean Air Act or Conflict Avoidance Agreement CEQ ...............................Council on Environmental Quality CFR ...............................Code of Federal Regulations CO .................................carbon monoxide COMIDA .......................Chukchi Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area CWA ..............................Clean Water Act dB re 1 μPa ....................Decibels in Relation to a Reference Pressure of 1 Micropascal DPP................................Development and Production Plan EA..................................Environmental Assessment EEZ................................U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone EFH ...............................Essential Fish Habitat EIS .................................Environmental Impact Statement EJ ...................................Environmental Justice EP ..................................Exploration Plan EPA ...............................U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ESA ...............................Endangered Species Act FLIR ..............................Forward Looking Infrared (a forward looking thermal imaging camera system) FMP ...............................Fishery Management Plan FONSI ...........................Finding of No Significant Impact FR ..................................Federal Register FWS ...............................U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service G&G ..............................Geological and Geophysical hr....................................Hour Hz ..................................Hertz IHA ................................Incidental Harassment Authorization in ....................................Inch ION ................................ION Geophysical, Inc. IPCC ..............................Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ITA ................................Incidental Take Authorization IWC ...............................International Whaling Commission kt ....................................Nautical Mile Per Hour (1 Knot = 1.853 Km/H) kW .................................Kilowatt Lease Sale 193 ...............Chukchi Sea OCS Lease Sale 193 LOA ...............................Letter of Authorization m ....................................Meter min .................................Minute MMO .............................Marine Mammal Observer MMPA ...........................Marine Mammal Protection Act MMS..............................Minerals Management Service M/V ...............................Marine Vessel NAAQS .........................National Ambient Air Quality Standards Acronyms and Abbreviations i Environmental Assessment 2012 ION Seismic Survey NEPA ............................ National Environmental Policy Act NHPA ........................... National Historic Preservation Act NMFS ........................... National Marine Fisheries Service NMML .......................... National Marine Mammal Laboratory NO2 .............................. Nitrogen Dioxide NOAA .......................... National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOx ............................... Nitrogen Oxides NPDES ......................... National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NPFMC ........................ North Pacific Fisheries Management Council NSB .............................. North Slope Borough OCSLA ......................... Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act OCS .............................. Outer Continental Shelf PEA .............................. Programmatic Environmental Assessment PM ................................ Particulate Matter PSD ............................... Prevention of Significant Deterioration psi ................................. Pounds Per Square Inch PSO ............................... Protected Species Observer s .................................... Second SBS ............................... Southern Beaufort Sea Stock of Polar Bears SEIS .............................. Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement SHPO ............................ State Historic Preservation Act SO2 ................................ Sulfur Dioxide TTS ............................... Temporary Threshold Shift U.S. ............................... United States of America USC. ............................. United States Code USDOC......................... U.S. Department of Commerce USDOI .......................... U.S. Department of the Interior USFWS ......................... U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS ............................ United States Geological Survey VOC .............................. Volatile Organic Compounds VGP .............................. Vessel General Permit ii Acronyms and Abbreviations 2012 ION Seismic Survey Environmental Assessment Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... i 1.0 Purpose and Need .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Purpose of the Proposed Action ............................................................................................. 1 1.2. Background ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.3. Previous Applicable Analyses ................................................................................................ 2 2.0 Alternatives ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Summary of Alternatives ....................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Other Alternatives Considered but Not Analyzed .................................................................. 4 2.3. Description of the Alternatives .............................................................................................. 5 2.3.1. Alternative 1 – No Action .......................................................................................... 5 2.3.2. Alternative 2 – Proposed Action ................................................................................ 5 2.4. BOEM Proposed Mitigation ................................................................................................ 11 3.0 Affected Environment ................................................................................................................. 13 3.1. Expected Operating Conditions ........................................................................................... 13 3.1.1. Climate Change ....................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2. Meteorology ............................................................................................................. 13 3.1.3. Ice Conditions .......................................................................................................... 14 3.1.4. Sea State .................................................................................................................. 15 3.2. Resources ............................................................................................................................. 15 3.2.1. Air Quality ............................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2. Water Quality........................................................................................................... 16 3.2.3. Lower Trophic Levels .............................................................................................. 16 3.2.4. Fish and Essential Fish Habitat ................................................................................ 17 3.2.5. Marine and Coastal Birds ........................................................................................ 21 3.2.6. Marine Mammals ..................................................................................................... 25 3.2.7. Subsistence Activities, Employment, Public Health, and Environmental Justice ...................................................................................................................... 29 4.0