EPA/ROD/R2007090001466 2007 EPA Superfund Record of Decision: ALAMEDA NAVAL AIR STATION EPA ID: CA2170023236 OU 09 ALAMEDA, CA 10/30/2006 SDMS DOCID# 1105945 Final Record of Decision Site 17 Seaplane Lagoon Alameda Point Alameda, California October 2006 Prepared For: Base Realignment and Closure Program Management Office West San Diego, CA 92108 Prepared Under: Naval Facilities Engineering Command Contract Number N47408-01-D-8207/0085 TABLE OF CONTENTS_______________________________________________________________ Abbreviations and Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... v Declaration................................................................................................................................................D-1 1.0 Site Name, Location, and Description ..........................................................................................1-1 1.1 Site Name.........................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Site Location....................................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Site Description................................................................................................................1-1 2.0 Site History and Enforcement Activities ......................................................................................2-1 2.1 Site History......................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Investigation Activities....................................................................................................2-1 2.2.1 CERCLA Investigation Activities ......................................................................2-1 3.0 Community Participation..............................................................................................................3-1 3.1 Restoration Advisory Board ............................................................................................3-1 3.2 Public Mailings................................................................................................................3-2 3.3 Community Participation for Site 17 ...............................................................................3-2 4.0 Scope and Role of Operable Unit and Response Action...............................................................4-1 5.0 Site Characteristics........................................................................................................................5-1 5.1 Hydrodynamic Setting.....................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Geology............................................................................................................................5-2 5.3 Hydrogeology ..................................................................................................................5-2 5.4 Ecology ............................................................................................................................5-3 5.5 Nature and Extent of Contamination in Sediment ...........................................................5-4 6.0 Current and Potential Future Site and Resource Uses ..................................................................6-1 6.1 Land Uses........................................................................................................................6-1 7.0 Summary of Site Risks..................................................................................................................7-1 7.1 Summary of Human Health Risk Assessment .................................................................7-4 7.1.1 Identification of Chemicals of Potential Concern...............................................7-4 7.1.2 Exposure Assessment.........................................................................................7-4 7.1.3 Toxicity Assessment...........................................................................................7-4 7.1.4 Risk Characterization..........................................................................................7-5 7.2 Ecological Risk Assessment ............................................................................................7-6 7.2.1 Identification of COPECs ...................................................................................7-6 7.2.2 Exposure Assessment.........................................................................................7-7 7.2.3 Screening-Level Ecological Risk Assessment Results .......................................7-7 7.2.4 Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment ................................................................7-7 7.3 Risk Assessment Conclusions..........................................................................................7-8 8.0 Remedial Action Objectives .........................................................................................................8-1 8.1 Derivation of Remediation Goals ....................................................................................8-1 8.2 Remediation Areas...........................................................................................................8-3 9.0 Description of Alternatives...........................................................................................................9-1 9.1 Alternative 1 - No Action ................................................................................................9-1 9.2 Alternative 2 - Monitored Natural Recovery with Institutional Controls........................9-1 9.3 Alternative 3 - Isolation Capping with Monitoring and Institutional Controls................9-1 9.4 Alternative 4 - Thin Layer Capping with Monitoring and Institutional Controls............9-2 9.5 Alternative 5 - Dredging, Dewatering and Upland Disposal at a Permitted Off-Site Waste Disposal Facility ...................................................................................................9-2 9.6 Alternative 6 - Focused Dredging, Dewatering and Upland Disposal at a Permitted Off-Site Waste Disposal Facility .....................................................................................9-2 9.7 Alternative 7 - Focused Dredging with Ex Situ Treatment and Reuse............................9-2 10.0 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives ........................................................................................10-1 Final Record of Decision Site 17 Seaplane Lagoon i October 2006 10.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment...........................................10-1 10.2 Compliance with ARARs..............................................................................................10-5 10.3 Long-Term Effectiveness and Permanence ...................................................................10-5 10.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, or Volume through Treatment ..................................10-5 10.5 Short-Term Effectiveness ..............................................................................................10-5 10.6 Implementability............................................................................................................10-6 10.7 Cost-Effectiveness .........................................................................................................10-6 10.8 State Acceptance............................................................................................................10-6 10.9 Community Acceptance.................................................................................................10-7 11.0 Principal Threat Wastes ..............................................................................................................11-1 12.0 Selected Remedy.........................................................................................................................12-1 12.1 Dredging ........................................................................................................................12-2 12.2 Remedial Action Sampling............................................................................................12-3 12.3 Dewatering.....................................................................................................................12-4 12.4 Upland Disposal at a Permitted Off-Site Waste Disposal Facility ................................12-4 13.0 Statutory Determination..............................................................................................................13-1 13.1 Protection of Human Health and the Environment........................................................13-1 13.2 Compliance with ARARs..............................................................................................13-1 13.2.1 Chemical-Specific ARARs...............................................................................13-1 13.2.2 Location-Specific ARARs................................................................................13-4 13.2.3 Action-Specific ARARs...................................................................................13-4 13.3 Cost-Effectiveness .......................................................................................................13-20 13.4 Utilization of Permanent Solutions and Alternative Treatment Technologies (or Resource Recovery Technologies) to the Maximum