obstacle • refuge • persecute • endure • emerge • navigate • sustainable • ecology SoGen Unit 7.2 Gabriel and Aluel’s Journey From Sudan social studies PART 2 WHO DO YOU TRUST WHEN YOUR LIFE IS AT STAKE? SOCIAL STUDIES ACTIVITIES Session 1 3–6 Reader’s Theater 1990: Gabriel and Aluel Flee Fathai Obstacles Session 2 7–12 Historical Timeline of the Sudanese Conflict Sources of Conflict Maps Are History! Colonization Session 3 13–15 1990: Aluel and Gabriel Race Toward Refuge Compare and Contrast More About the UN Declaration of Human Rights Session 4 16–17 1991: At the Sudan-Ethiopia Border Debate Session 5 18–19 Writing SUPPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES FOR OTHER CONTENT AREAS ELA 20 Overcoming Obstacles, Building Reconciliation Math 21 The Long Journey Science 22 Sudanese Resource: Petroleum FOCUS WORDS Examining the Focus Words Closely 23 © 2015 SERP SoGen Unit 7.2 1 obstacle • refuge • persecute • endure • emerge • navigate • sustainable • ecology SoGen Unit 7.2 World Events Events of Gabriel and Aluel’s Journey 1980 1946 ! Aluel is born in Fathai, southern Sudan British unite northern and southern "# 1982 Sudan ! Gabriel, Aluel’s brother, is born Northern Sudan granted greater "# November 1990 power than the south ! Fathai is attacked ! Gabriel and Aluel flee with other children 1956 January 1991 Sudan achieves independence "# " Aluel and Gabriel arrive at the Pinyudo Refugee Camp in Ethiopia May 1991 1956–1972 " Aluel and Gabriel, with other Sudanese, are forced to flee Pinyudo First Sudanese Civil War "# December 1991 " Aluel and Gabriel arrive at Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya 1972 ! Addis Ababa Agreement "# 1983 Nimeiri declares Sudan a Muslim "# state Dinka leader John Garang (a "# Christian) establishes the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) Second Sudanese Civil War breaks "# out 1991 Ethiopian government overthrown "# New government breaks relations "# with SPLA, expels Sudanese refugees September 11, 2001 Terrorist group al-Qaeda attacks "# the U.S. January 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement "# signed in Sudan, ending the war between the Muslim northerners and the Christian southerners January 2011 Election to determine if Sudan "# should split into two countries July 11, 2011 February 2000 " South Sudan is established as an Aluel and Gabriel are given U.S. visas "# independent nation, under the March 2000 " leadership of Dinka Salva Kiir Aluel and Gabriel arrive in Minneapolis, where they will learn English and attend college December 2013 January 2011 " Conflicts between Dinka and Nuer Gabriel and Aluel travel to Virginia to vote in the election for southern "# over political power in South Sudan independence become violent July 2012 " Aluel and Gabriel travel to newly independent South Sudan to visit family © 2015 SERP SoGen Unit 7.2 2 Session 1 obstacle • refuge • persecute • endure • emerge • navigate • sustainable • ecology Reader’s Theater How do you know who to trust? Setting: Three teenage campers—Life, Azura, and Melanie—are traveling to Camp Hiram Bigham located in the Abenaki Forest in Vermont after being picked up at the Burlington airport by a camp counselor. During the trip through the mountains, they talk about where they are from and how they ended up coming to the Bigham survival camp. A few hours later, their van suddenly careens off the icy road and slams into a tree. The driver, camp counselor Tim, hits his head against the windshield and is knocked unconscious. The three passengers are unhurt but shaken and frightened. They try calling for help on their cell phones but realize there is no service in this remote location. About 20 minutes later, a man named Tine in a four-wheeled all-terrain vehicle (ATV) appears and offers to take one of them to the closest town. The group in the van discuss their options. Melanie: Trust him, already. This is ridiculous. It’s starting our own. But what if we get lost? I mean, really lost? How to snow, and if one of us doesn’t go with him, we’ll all much food do we have? How much water? How long will freeze. There’s no cell phone service up here and Tim we be able to endure if we get trapped somewhere? needs help. He’s been unconscious for over 20 minutes Melanie: First off, you’ve got me, and I know how to now and he needs to get to a hospital. One of us should navigate these mountains. No one else here does. I go with this guy. made it through Hurricane Irene, and I can make it Life: What? Are you crazy? No way am I going to trust a through this. Plus, I’ve got a compass and flashlights and guy with a gun. He could be a lunatic for all we know, and food and water that’ll sustain us for up to 12 hours. we’re in the middle of nowhere. They hear a series of loud knocks on the van’s door; they Melanie: I know you’re from the big city, Life, and all jump. everyone’s a potential serial killer, but deer hunters are Tine: Have you made up your minds? I’m freezing out pretty common in Vermont. The point is, this guy can get here, and it’s just going to get colder. You’ve got some one of us to camp or back to the closest town. We can’t decisions to make, people. I’m heading up to a hunting just sit here in the middle of nowhere and endure this cabin about an hour away, and I can drop you off at the freezing cold. nearest town. But I need to go now. My 15-year-old son’s Life: Hey, Azura? You’re the big trekker. Can’t you find meeting me up there, and I told him I’d be there by now. your way to the camp? I mean you’ve hiked Machu I’ve got room on the four-wheeler for one person. Who’s Picchu how many times? coming? Azura: A lot—but this is my first time in Vermont. I just Life: Where did you say you were from anyway? flew in from Peru today. Don’t ask me what to do! Tine: Listen, kid, for the third time—my name’s Tine. I’m Melanie: Well, I’m from Vermont and I don’t think it’s safe originally from Montana, but I moved to New Jersey a for any of us to try to make it to the camp on our own. few years ago for work. I come up to Vermont every year We’d need to go together. So, I say we either all stay to do some hunting. You’ve got more than a few here with Tim, or we get this guy to take Tim to refuge, obstacles here: You’re in the middle of nowhere; you’ve and we try to make camp together. got no way to communicate with anyone; and you have Azura: Tim has head and maybe neck injuries. It may be an unconscious driver. You need my help. So, either you dangerous for him to be bouncing around in this man’s trust me, or you spend the night alone in the cold and strange little vehicle. dark. I’ll leave you to make a decision. You’ve got two minutes. Life: So, somebody has to stay here with Tim, and someone has to go with this guy, or we try something on (He leaves the van.) © 2015 SERP SoGen Unit 7.2 3 Session 1 obstacle • refuge • persecute • endure • emerge • navigate • sustainable • ecology Reader’s Theater Azura: Melanie, you’re from around here, and I’ve just met you all today, but I have to trust you because I don’t know anything about this place. My parents told me to be careful here, but I don’t think they ever imagined this. Why shouldn’t we trust this Tine guy? He looks nice to me, even with the gun. Life: I don’t think it’s safe for either one of you to go off with a stranger so maybe I should go. I have a knife in case he tries anything. I’ll protect myself if he decides to take me to his special hunting cabin instead of the nearest town. I wonder if he even has a kid. Melanie: You’re really paranoid aren’t you, Life? How and when did this persecution complex develop? You could also give me the knife and let me go since you’re so scared. Life: Get off my back! I didn’t want to come to this insane survival camp in the first place. Why did I ever leave New York City? Now I’m stuck in the middle of nowhere with a man with a gun, two girls who aren’t helping, an unconscious camp counselor, and a van that won’t run because we crashed headfirst into a tree. Suddenly, I’m having visions of my own mortality, okay? Azura: Let’s all calm down, por favor? Tine knocks on the door again. Tine: What’s the decision? I really have to get going! It’s snowing and the roads are getting worse. So, what’s the final word, people? TURN AND TALK What decision should the campers make? Should they trust Tine? © 2015 SERP SoGen Unit 7.2 4 Session 1 obstacle • refuge • persecute • endure • emerge • navigate • sustainable • ecology !" 1990: Gabriel and Aluel Flee Fathai The Trek: We are refugees! Aluel and Gabriel had no time to think. They saw smoke and fire in Fathai, and heard screams in the distance. Some boys ran past them shouting at them to seek refuge in the forest.