50ish Years of SETI@Arecibo Dan Werthimer, UC Berkeley http://seti.berkeley.edu SETI Before Arecibo Porno in space: FUNDED! The Arecibo Message The First SETI “Experiment” at Arecibo Drake, Sagan et al Stay tuned, response expected in year 46374 Sagan & Drake 1975: A Search of 4 Nearby Galaxies for Type II Civilizations M33 Other early Arecibo SETI Searches ‣1977 Stull & Drake - 6 Stars @ 1664 - 1668 MHz ‣1978 Knowles & Sullivan - 2 Stars @ 130 - 500 MHz ‣1978 Horowitz - 185 Stars @ 1420 MHz ‣1978 Cohen et al - 25 Globular Clusters @ 1665 MHz ‣1979 Tarter et al - 200 Stars @ 500 - 600 MHz ‣1982 Horowitz et al - 400 Stars @ 1.4 - 2.8 GHz ‣1988 Commensal SERENDIP II ‣1992 NASA High Resolution Microwave Survey Warning Why you might not want to do SETI at Arecibo SERENDIP IV Photos Courtesy NAIC Arecibo Observatory, a facility of the NSF • 168M channels • 100 MHz Band centered on 1420 MHz Why you might want to do SETI at Arecibo Piggyback ALFA Sky Survey • Improved sensitivity – Tsys • Uniform sky sampling – galactic plane concentration • Multibeam RFI rejection • Larger Bandwidth (SERENDIP V coming soon) • Piggyback on Palfa, Galfa, Egalfa • Automatic recording during ALFA use (no more operator manual switch for observations) SETI Figure of Merit Drake, Gulkis FOM = Sky Coverage * Frequency Coverage * Sensitivity -1.5 Arecibo SETI Figure of Merit Search Date Telescope MHz Sky W /m^2 FOM Cover Phoenix 2000 Arecibo 1800 1E-5 3 E-26 2.5 SETI@home 1999- Arecibo 10 0.25 1.4 E-26 300 SERENDIP V 2008 Arecibo 300 0.25 10 E-26 300 SETI@h II 2015? Arecibo 300 0.25 1.4 E-26 10,000 Prelude 2008 ATA 42 1000 0.001 200 E-26 0.5 Square Km 2020 SKA 10000 0.001 1 E-25 15,000 Berkeley SETI Group David Anderson, Hong Chen, Jayanth Chennamangalam, Jeff Cobb, Matt Dexter, Frank Drake, Eric Korpela, Matt Lebofsky, Geoff Marcy, David MacMahon, Rem Stone, Andrew Siemion, Dick Treffers, Mark Wagner, Shelley Wright, Dan Werthimer NSF , NASA, Individual Donors Sun Microsystems/Oracle , Agilent, Fujitsu, HP, Intel, Xilinx UC Berkeley SETI Programs Name Time Scale Search Type SERENDIP seconds radio sky survey SETI@home mS - seconds radio sky survey Astropulse nS - mS radio sky survey SEVENDIP nS visible targetted SPOCK 1000 seconds visible targetted DYSON IR targetted The SETI@home Client Data storage: NERSC HPSS (Naional Energy Research Scientific Computing Center)‏ SETI@home Statistics TOTAL RATE 8,464,550 participants 1,000 per day (in 226 countries) 7 million years 1,000 years per day computer time 1022 floating point 3000Tera-flops operations Web site: 2 million hits/day 200,000 visitors/day (stats & games popular; science less popular) 100,000 children, families (including congress members and their kids) > 7,000 schools Gaussian Candidates AstroPulse (Vonkorff, Korpela, Werthimer) • Sky survey – SETI@home I and piggyback ALFA data • Good time resolution – Sensitive to 0.4 µs radio pulses at 21 cm • DM range – -830 to +830 pc/cm3 (but not -50 to +50) • Sensitivity – 10-18 W/m2 peak (Coherent de-dispersion) Astropulse: Arecibo Transient Search Volunteer Computing: 400 nS pulses Arecibo SETI@home led to Public Participation Supercomputing David Anderson, Rom Walton, SETI Group • aka Distributed Computing • aka “edge resource aggregation”) Projects • Astronomy – SETI@home (Berkeley) – Astropulse (Berkeley) – Einstein@home: gravitational pulsar search (Caltech,…) – PlanetQuest (SETI Institute) – Stardust@home (Berkeley, Univ. Washinton,…) • Earth science – Climateprediction.net (Oxford) • Biology/Medicine – Folding@home, Predictor@home (Stanford, Scripts) – FightAIDSathome: virtual drug discovery • Physics – LHC@home (Cern) • Other – Web indexing/search – Internet Resource mapping (UC Berkeley) Thinking@Home (BOSSA) Stardust@home... Stardust (NASA) Stardust January 2009 19 Citizen Science Projects • SETI@home and Astropulse (UC Berkeley) • Stardust@home (UC Berkeley) • SetiQuest (Seti Institute) • Galaxy Zoo (Galaxy Classification) • Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count (1900) • Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Monitor Network • Clickworkers (mars crater identficiation - NASA) • Ebird, NestWatch, FeederWatch, Urban Birds (Cornell Univ.) • ParkScan (monitor San Francisco Parks) • ScienceForCitizens.net Arecibo SETI “Spin Offs” • Public Participation Distributed Computing (Edge resource aggregation) • Transient Sky Survey for uS pulses (Astropulse) • Instrumentation at 45 Observatories (CASPER) (open source hardware and software for spectometers, correlators, beamformers, pulsars) • Education, Public Outreach • Commensal Observing Concept Future SETI at Arecibo • Astropulse (uS dispersed pulses) • SERENDIP VI Spectrometer (14*256M channels) • SETI@home II (300 MHz – ALFA) • Wideband SETI (4 GHz bandwidth spectrometer) • New Multibeam Receiver Arrays – 100 beams New wavelengths, More Bandwidth Upcoming SERENDIP VI and FRB Multibeam System Moores Law – Instruments using FPGA’s: 2X per year (1,000,000 over 20 years) SETI HAIKU Searching for life Answers are revealed About ourselves Paula Cook, Duke University One million earthlings Bounded by optimism Leave their PC’s on Dan Seidner Please support Arecibo by joining ASAP—the organization that joins its several science communities in supporting the whole. See any ASAPer .