Worcester Polytechnic Institute Digital WPI Interactive Qualifying Projects (All Years) Interactive Qualifying Projects May 2014 Martial Arts of the Middle Age and Renaissance Andrew George Aveyard Worcester Polytechnic Institute Bradford Thomas Davison Worcester Polytechnic Institute Daniel Patrick Haggerty Worcester Polytechnic Institute Jason Conrad Cardwell Worcester Polytechnic Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/iqp-all Repository Citation Aveyard, A. G., Davison, B. T., Haggerty, D. P., & Cardwell, J. C. (2014). Martial Arts of the Middle Age and Renaissance. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/iqp-all/2742 This Unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Interactive Qualifying Projects at Digital WPI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Interactive Qualifying Projects (All Years) by an authorized administrator of Digital WPI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IQP JLS-0072 Martial Arts of the Middle Age Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation by Andrew Aveyard ___________________ Jason Cardwell ___________________ Brad Davison ___________________ Daniel Haggerty ___________________ May 6, 2014 _______________________________ Professor Jeffrey L. Forgeng, Advisor 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 History of European Martial Arts ................................................................................................................ 10 Medieval Time Period ............................................................................................................................. 10 Environment of the Medieval Age ...................................................................................................... 10 Knightly Combat .................................................................................................................................. 12 Masters and their Manuscripts ........................................................................................................... 13 Renaissance Time Period ........................................................................................................................ 16 Broken Swords: The Rise of Guns ....................................................................................................... 18 Masters and their Manuscripts: Continuing the Tradition ................................................................. 20 Post-Renaissance Time Period ................................................................................................................ 23 The End of Traditional Martial Arts in the Military ............................................................................. 24 Remaining Practice: Survival of Martial Arts ...................................................................................... 25 Traditions Struggle On ........................................................................................................................ 26 Revival Time Period ................................................................................................................................. 27 History Survives ................................................................................................................................... 28 Internet Revolution: Revival of the Martial Practices ......................................................................... 32 Physics and Principles of Human Movement .............................................................................................. 36 Physics ..................................................................................................................................................... 36 Psychology .......................................................................................................................................... 41 Japanese Martial Arts ............................................................................................................................. 42 Training ............................................................................................................................................... 42 Weapons ............................................................................................................................................. 44 Chinese Martial Arts................................................................................................................................ 47 Filipino Martial Arts ................................................................................................................................ 52 Development ....................................................................................................................................... 52 Sinawali ............................................................................................................................................... 53 Training and Practice .......................................................................................................................... 54 Swords ......................................................................................................................................................... 55 One-Handed Swords ............................................................................................................................... 55 2 Two-Handed Swords ............................................................................................................................... 63 Rapier and Small Sword .......................................................................................................................... 69 Non-European Martial Sword Arts.......................................................................................................... 74 Staff, Dagger, and Wrestling ....................................................................................................................... 79 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 79 Importance and Acceptance ............................................................................................................... 79 Base for All Weapons .......................................................................................................................... 79 Common Styles ................................................................................................................................... 80 Grappling ................................................................................................................................................. 81 Use in Combat vs. Sport ...................................................................................................................... 82 Similarities to Jujutsu .......................................................................................................................... 83 Similarities to Filipino Wrestling ......................................................................................................... 83 Self-Defense - Unarmed vs. Dagger ........................................................................................................ 84 Necessity ............................................................................................................................................. 84 Techniques .......................................................................................................................................... 84 Improvised Weapons .......................................................................................................................... 85 Dagger ..................................................................................................................................................... 86 The Weapon ........................................................................................................................................ 86 Common Techniques .......................................................................................................................... 86 Japanese Daggers ................................................................................................................................ 87 Filipino Daggers ................................................................................................................................... 87 Staff Weapons ......................................................................................................................................... 88 Historical Impediments ....................................................................................................................... 88 Common Techniques .........................................................................................................................