Energy in Sweden 2020 An overview An overview of energy in Sweden The Swedish Energy Agency Energy statistics show an overall picture is responsible for the official of the energy system consisting of the energy statistics in Sweden. supply, transformation, distribution and We gather these statistics to consumption of energy. provide an overall picture of the energy system and the progress in the energy area in Sweden. This means we have access to timelines starting as early as 1970. Supplied primary Transformation and Final energy energy transmission consumption Biofuels, water, wind, sun, Electricity and heat Industrial, transport, coal, crude oil, natural gas generation and processing residential and and nuclear fuel of feedstocks service sectors In Sweden we use domestic renewable energy sources such as water, wind, sun and biofuels. We also import nuclear fuels, biofuels and fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas. 2 A balanced energy system The energy system in Sweden can be divided into supply and consumption. The diagram illustrates energy system flows for 2018. The diagram includes the total quantity of fossil fuels supplied to the Swedish energy system, 394 TWh. Of these, 216 TWh are exported and 40 TWh go to bunkers in international maritime transport, leaving 137 TWh of fossil fuels for final use in Sweden. The exact figures in this publication may differ due to rounding. Energy system 2018 Supply Consumption Primary hydropower Losses Export of electricity 62 TWh 149 TWh 29 TWh Primary wind power Hydro, wind 17 TWh and solar power plants Primary solar power 0,4 TWh Nuclear fuel Nuclear power 194 TWh and CHP plants Industry 141 TWh Import of electricity 126 TWh 12 TWh Primary heat Heating plants 4 TWh 50 TWh Residential and service Biofuels 147 TWh 141 TWh 88 TWh Other fuels 6 TWh 14 TWh Transportation 103 TWh 84 TWh Fossil fuels 394 TWh and other processes Own use Non-energy 13 TWh purposes 25 TWh Export Bunkering 216 TWh 40 TWh 3 The energy balance of Sweden in 2018 The energy system is The amount of energy supplied always in balance. Energy to the Swedish energy system, input is always equal to has been about the same since the energy use, including the mid-1980s, between 550 losses. to 600 TWh per year. In 2018 the total energy supply in Sweden amounted to 552 TWh. Total energy supply Total energy consumption -3* Solar Biofuels 88 power 0,4 Biofuels 141 Coal and coke 13 Crude oil and petroleum products 103 Petroleum products 84 Total final Natural gas and energy gasworks gas 11 Natural gas and consumption gasworks gas 5 by energy Other fuels 14 commodity Other fuels 6 373 TWh Nuclear fuel 194 District heating 50 Primary heat 4 Electricity 126 Hydropower 62 Non-energy use 25 Wind power 17 Transformation- and Losses transmission losses 19 and non- Coal and coke 22 Losses in nuclear energy use power plants 125 183 TWh Import-export electricity -17 Energy sector own use 13 552 TWh 552 TWh * Statistical difference between energy supplied and energy used 2018 4 Total supplied energy 1970–2018, TWh 700 Primary heat Hydropower Wind power 600 500 400 Nuclear fuel Other fuels 300 Crude oil and petroleum products Natural and city gas 200 Coal and coke 100 Biofuels 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 5 197 197 198 199 201 200 199 200 201 198 Sources: The Swedish Energy Agency and SCB (Statistics Sweden). Remarks: 1) Other fuels are included in biofuels until 1983. 2) Domestic aviation fuel is included in crude oil and petroleum products until 1989. 3) Nuclear fuel is calculated according to the method used by the UN/ECE for calculating supplied energy from nuclear power. 4) Primary heat refers to heat pumps in district heating. 5) Wind power is included in hydropower until 1989. During the same time span, the supply of crude oil and petroleum products has decreased considerably. The main reason is that residential The supply of biofuels has buildings and facilities are tripled over the last 40 years. rarely heated using oil today. The supply of wind power has also increased, especially during the 2010s. However, wind power still only accounts for a fraction of the total energy supplied. 5 Electricity generation and electricity use Electricity generation in Sweden mainly comes from hydropower and nuclear power. This has been the case since the 1980s. However, wind power has increased significantly over the last ten years. Electricity use and electricity generation per type of power 1970–2018, TWh 160 Combined heat and 140 Other thermal power power (CHP) 120 Industrial 100 combined heat Nuclear power and power 80 Electricity use 60 Wind power 40 Hydro power 20 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 97 97 98 98 99 00 00 01 01 1995 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Sources: The Swedish Energy Agency and SCB (Statistics Sweden). Remark: Electricity generation for own use is not included. Electricity generation in 2018 reached 160 TWh. It consisted of 41 per cent nuclear power, 39 per cent hydropower, 10 per cent wind power and 0.2 per cent solar power. Combustion-based power provided the majority of the remaining nine per cent, primarily from combined heat and power plants and industrial processes. Electricity use was at The residential and service its highest level in 2001, sector uses the most electricity, at 150 TWh. Since then 74 TWh, followed by the industrial electricity use has sector, 49 TWh, and the transport declined, reaching sector, 3 TWh. 141 TWh in 2018. 6 Installed electricity generation capacity by type of power 1996–2018, MW 40 000 Solar power 35 000 Wind power Gas turbines 30 000 Industrial 25 000 CHP Combined 20 000 heat and power (CHP) 15 000 Thermal 10 000 power Nuclear 5 000 power 0 Hydro power 1996 2000 2005 2010 2015 Source: Swedenerg Energiföretagen Sverige. Note that not all installed electricity generation capacity is available at the same time. Availability also varies between the different types of power, as they are weather-dependent in a variety of ways. An increasing number of solar PV cells is being installed in Sweden. Between 2018 and 2019, the number of grid-connected solar PV systems increased by approximately 70 per cent. By the end of 2019, the total number of systems in Sweden amounted to almost 44,000 with a total installed power of 698 MW. 7 Total final energy use, 1970–2018, TWh 700 Transformation- and transmission Losses in nuclear losses excluding nuclear power power plants 600 Non-energy use 500 400 Energy sector own use 300 Residential and service etc. 200 Domestic transport 100 Industry 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Sources: The Swedish Energy Agency and SCB (Statistics Sweden). 2) Own use within the energy sector was included in transformation- and transmission losses until 1982. 3) Losses in nuclear power plants are calculated according the method used by the UN/ECE to calculate supplied energy from nuclear power. Energy consumption remains relatively steady despite population growth but decreased slightly during the 2010s. Energy consumption is affected by factors such as the weather, the economy and energy efficiency. 8 141 TWh 147 TWh 84 TWh 373 TWh Electricity Natural gas 0,1 Final energy use in 3 the transport sector 2018, TWh • Petroleum products, mainly gasoline and diesel, Biofuels provided 75 per cent of the energy used in the 17 transport sector in 2018. • During the last few years, the amount of biofuels has increased significantly. • Road transport accounted for 92 per cent of Petroleum the final domestic transport sector energy use products followed by rail transport (3 per cent), aviation 64 (2.5 per cent) and shipping (2 per cent). Final energy use in Final energy use in the residential the industrial sector 2018, TWh and service sector 2018, TWh District Biofuels Petroleum products Natural gas heating 3 Biofuels 3,8 1 Natural gas 6 10 Other fuels 10 56 14 Petroleum 13 products 74 Electricity Coal/coke, District including heating 46 coal- and blast furnace 49 gas Electricity • The pulp and paper industry accounts for • Electricity and district heating account for more more than half of the final energy use within than 80 per cent of the energy used in the residential the industrial sector. Mainly biofuels and and service sector. electricity are used in pulp and paper • Electricity is the most common energy carrier for industrial processes. heating in houses, followed by biofuels and district • The use of fossil fuels; such as natural gas, heating. In multi-dwelling buildings and nonresidential petroleum products, and coal and coke; facilities district heating is by far the most common are decreasing. However, their use is still energy carrier. extensive, especially within the iron- and • Petroleum products can be used for heating but are steel industry. mainly used for machinery in agriculture, foresting, fishing and construction. Source: The Swedish Energy Agency 9 An increasing amount of biofuel is used in the transport sector In 2018, road transport accounted for 92 per cent of the energy consumption in the transport sector in Sweden. Final energy use in the transport sector, domestic, 1970–2018, TWh Biofuels 100 Electricity Natural gas 90 Jet fuel 80 70 Fuel oil 1 60 Fuel oil 2–6 Diesel oil 50 40 30 Gasoline 20 10 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Sources: The Swedish Energy Agency, SCB (Statistics Sweden), Swedish Transport Agency. Remark: Until 1989 all jet fuel was included in domestic aviation, however from 1990 and onwards the jet fuel was divided into domestic- and foreign energy use.