Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics Serena Cubico · Giuseppe Favretto João Leitão · Uwe Cantner Editors Entrepreneurship and the Industry Life Cycle The Changing Role of Human Capital and Competences Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics Series editors João Leitão University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal Tessaleno Devezas University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal The ‘Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics’ series showcases exceptional scholarly work being developed on the still unexplored complex relationship between entrepreneurship, structural change and industrial dynamics, by addressing structural and technological determinants of the evolutionary pathway of innovative and entrepreneurial activity. The series invites proposals based on sound research methodologies and approaches to the above topics. Volumes in the series may include research monographs and edited/ contributed works. Please send the completed proposal form downloadable from this page (see “For Authors and Editors”) to the series editors. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15330 Serena Cubico • Giuseppe Favretto • João Leitão • Uwe Cantner Editors Entrepreneurship and the Industry Life Cycle The Changing Role of Human Capital and Competences Editors Serena Cubico Giuseppe Favretto Department of Business Administration Department of Business Administration University of Verona University of Verona Verona, Italy Verona, Italy João Leitão Uwe Cantner Department of Management and Friedrich Schiller University Jena Economics Jena, Germany University of Beira Interior Covilhã, Portugal ISSN 2511-2023 ISSN 2511-2031 (electronic) Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics ISBN 978-3-319-89335-8 ISBN 978-3-319-89336-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89336-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018944276 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents Introduction .............................................. 1 Serena Cubico, Giuseppe Favretto, João Leitão, and Uwe Cantner Part I Entrepreneurial and Knowledge Competences Entrepreneurial Competences: Comparing and Contrasting Models and Taxonomies ........................................... 13 Giovanna Gianesini, Serena Cubico, Giuseppe Favretto, and João Leitão Heterogeneity and the Origin of the Founding Team: How the Concepts Relate and Affect Entrepreneurial Behavior ........... 33 Gertie M. Agraz-Boeneker and Maria del Mar Fuentes-Fuentes Entrepreneurial Aptitude and Gender-Related Stereotypes: A Research on Competences, Policies and Practices to Foster Entrepreneurial Culture in a Less Favoured Environment ........... 59 Stefano Noventa, Serena Cubico, Maddalena Formicuzzi, Piermatteo Ardolino, Giuseppe Favretto, Francesco Ciabuschi, and João Leitão Co-leadership and Performance in Technology-Based Entrepreneurial Firms ...................................... 91 Daniel Pittino, Francesca Visintin, and Cristiana Compagno Human Capital, Organizational Competences and Knowledge and Innovation Transfer: A Case Study Applied to the Mining Sector ................................................... 107 Margarida Rodrigues and João Leitão Specific Practices of Human Resource Management in the Creation and Development of Micro and Small Firms, Case Studies in Portuguese Firms ........................................ 137 Helder Antunes and António Nunes v vi Contents Part II Innovative Networks and Entrepreneurial Activities The Selective Nature of Innovator Networks: From the Nascent to the Early Growth Phase of the Organizational Life Cycle ......... 175 Uwe Cantner and Tina Wolf The Decline of Innovation in the Antibiotics Industry and the Global Threat of Antibiotic Resistance: When Entrepreneurial Efforts are Not Enough ........................................... 205 Francesco Ciabuschi and Olof Lindahl Entrepreneurship Success Factors in High and Low Early Stage Entrepreneurship Intensity Countries .......................... 231 Ruth Alas, Tiit Elenurm, Elizabeth J. Rozell, and Wesley A. Scroggins Reasons for the Almost Complete Absence of High-Growth Ambition and Innovation Activity of Early-Stage Entrepreneurs in Brazil ................................................. 247 Ronald Jean Degen and Nicholas Harkiolakis Hindering Factors to Innovation: A Panel Data Analysis ............ 269 Joana Costa, Anabela Botelho, and João Matias Part III Entrepreneurship for Change Women Entrepreneurship in India: A Work-Life Balance Perspective ............................................... 301 Ajay K. Jain, Shalini Srivastava, and Serena Cubico The Pentagonal Problem and the Offshore Energy Sector in Portugal: Why Does It Matter? ............................. 313 Ana Pego Entrepreneurial Urban Revitalization .......................... 329 Carlos José Lopes Balsas Unconventional Entrepreneurship and the Municipality: The Role of Passion and Competences .................................. 341 Francesca Simeoni and Federico Testa Assessing Entrepreneurial Profiles: A Study of Transversal Competence Gaps in Four European Countries ................... 359 Marlene Amorim, Marta Ferreira Dias, Helena Silva, Diego Galego, Maria Sarmento, and Carina Pimentel Introduction Serena Cubico, Giuseppe Favretto, João Leitão, and Uwe Cantner Abstract This volume emerges in an especially competitive, challenging and uncertain context, around which the current digital transformation, artificial intelligence and intelligent machines tend to take over from the human workforce. However, creativity combined with some irrationality of aptitudes and behaviour, as well as the growing importance of the network value (or utility) of future expectations and those realized, reveal the importance of directing additional research efforts towards better understand- ing of the importance of developing behavioural and technical competences, especially those oriented towards entrepreneurship and innovation systems, which distinguish human capital as a highly differentiating production factor which, together with knowledge, form the endogenous motors of growth and change. 1 Setting the Ground This volume emerges in an especially competitive, challenging and uncertain context, around which the current digital transformation, artificial intelligence and intelligent machines tend to take over from the human workforce. However, S. Cubico (*) · G. Favretto Dipartimento di Economia Aziendale, University of Verona, Verona, Italy e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] J. Leitão Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Management and Economics, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal CEG-IST, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal C-MAST, UBI & Instituto Multidisciplinar de Empresa, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain e-mail: [email protected] U. Cantner Department of Economics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 1 S. Cubico et al. (eds.), Entrepreneurship and the Industry Life Cycle, Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89336-5_1 2 S. Cubico et al. creativity combined with some irrationality of aptitudes and behaviour, as well as the growing importance of the network value (or utility) of future expectations and those realized, reveal the importance of directing additional research efforts towards better understanding of the importance of developing behavioural and technical compe- tences, especially those oriented towards entrepreneurship and innovation systems, which distinguish human capital as a highly differentiating production factor which, together with knowledge, form the endogenous motors of growth and change. In our framework, an innovation system is defined as a network of actors who interact in the processes of the generation, diffusion, and utilization of new, economically useful knowledge under