CONTENTS PREFACE V INTRODUCTION 1 I ST. AUGUSTINE 31 A Critique of Skepticism 33 How Great Is the Soul? 43 On the Existence of God 63 II BOETHIUS 82 Divine Foreknowledge of Human Actions 84 How Substances May Be Good in Their Essence Without Being Good of Their Essence 97 III F RID U GIS 103 Letter on Nothing and Darkness 104 IV JOHN SCOTUS ERIUGENA 109 Philosophy, Faith, and Reason 111 The Dialectic of Nature 116 On the Division of Nature 118 V ST. PETER DAMIAN 140 On Divine Omnipotence 143 VI ST. ANSELM AND GA UNILON 153 St. Anselm on the Existence of God 154 A Reply to Anselm on Behalf of the Fool 158 Anselm's Reply to Gaunilon 163 VII HONORIUS OF AUTUN 175 A Picture of the World 177 VIII PETER ABELARD 187 On Universals 190 IX PETE R LOM BARD 204 How Creatures Manifest God As One and Triune 206 X RICHARD OF ST. VICTOR 210 On the Trinity Selections from Book One 212 Selections from Book Three 22 3 vii XI AVICENN A 227 Essay on the Secret of Destiny 229 XII AVERROES 233 On God's Knowledge 235 The Future Life 241 XIII MOSES MAIMONIDES 244 The God of the Philosophers 246 XIV ODO RIGAUD 263 Is Theology a Science? 265 XV ROGER BACON 273 Opus Maius Part I: Causes of Error (Selections) 275 Part VI: On Experimental Science (Selections) 288 Part VII: Moral Philosophy (Selection) 292 XVI ST. BONAVENTURE 298 Is God's Existence a Truth That Cannot Be Doubted? 300 Theory of Illumination 314 Theory of Seminal Reasons 318 XVII ST. THOMAS AQUINAS 328 On the Composition of Essence and Existence in Created Substances 330 Does God Exist? 335 On the Power of God 339 XVIII SIGER OF BRABANT 358 On the Intellective Soul 360 APPENDIX: The Parisian Condemnations of 1270 366 XIX BOETIUS OF DACIA 367 On the Supreme Good, or on the Life of the Philosopher 369 XX HENRY OF GHENT 376 Can Creatures Be Used to Demonstrate God's Existence to Man? 378 XXI JOHN DUNS SCOTUS 390 On the Existence of God 392 XXII AGENT INTELLECT 421 Beatitude and the Agent Intellect 423 XXIII WILLIAM OCKHAM 445 On Possibility and God 447 XXIV NICHOLAS OF CUSA 455 On Learned Ignorance 457 BmLIOGRAPHY 465 INDEX 477 viii .