FDACS-P-00124 January - March 2020 Volume 59, Number 1 TRI- OLOGY A PUBLICATION FROM THE DIVISION OF PLANT INDUSTRY, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, NEMATOLOGY, AND PLANT PATHOLOGY Division Director, Trevor R. Smith, Ph.D. BOTANY ENTOMOLOGY NEMATOLOGY PLANT PATHOLOGY Providing information about plants: Identifying arthropods, taxonomic Providing certification programs and Offering plant disease diagnoses native, exotic, protected and weedy research and curating collections diagnoses of plant problems and information Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services • Division of Plant Industry 1 Argemone mexicana, Mexican prickly poppy Photo by Roger Hammer ABOUT TRI-OLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services- Division of Plant Industry’s (FDACS-DPI) Bureau of Entomology, HIGHLIGHTS 03 Nematology, and Plant Pathology (ENPP), including the Botany Noteworthy examples from the diagnostic groups Section, produces TRI-OLOGY four times a year, covering three throughout the ENPP Bureau. months of activity in each issue. The report includes detection activities from nursery plant inspections, routine and emergency program surveys, and BOTANY 04 requests for identification of plants and pests from the public. Samples are also occasionally sent from other states or countries Quarterly activity reports from Botany and selected plant identification samples. for identification or diagnosis. HOW TO CITE TRI-OLOGY Section Editor. Year. Section Name. P.J. Anderson and G.S. Hodges ENTOMOLOGY 07 (Editors). TRI-OLOGY Volume (number): page. [Date you accessed site.] Quarterly activity reports from Entomology and samples reported as new introductions or interceptions. For example: S.E. Halbert. 2015. Entomology Section. P.J. Anderson and G.S. Hodges (Editors). TRI-OLOGY 54(4): 9. [Accessed 5 June 2016.] Copies of TRI-OLOGY are kept on the FDACS website for two NEMATOLOGY 12 years. To obtain older copies, contact the FDACS-DPI Library at Quarterly activity reports from Nematology and (352) 395-4722 or [email protected]. descriptions of nematodes of special interest. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors would like to acknowledge the work of all those who PLANT PATHOLOGY 15 contributed information and explanations by providing data, photographs or text, and by carefully reading early drafts. Quarterly activity reports from Plant Pathology and selected identified plant pest and disease samples. We welcome your suggestions for improvement of TRI-OLOGY. Please feel free to contact the helpline with your comments at 1-888-397-1517. Thank you, Gregory Hodges, Ph.D. Cover Photo Editor Calophya spondiadis Burckhardt & Mendez, Spondias psyllid. Assistant Director, Division of Plant Industry Photo by David Ziesk, DPI Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D. Managing Editor Botanist, Division of Plant Industry 2 HIGHLIGHTS Viburnum obovatum Walter (Walter’s viburnum; small- 1leaf arrowwood). This species is a shrub or small tree, to 5 m tall, native to several states in the Southeast as far north as South Carolina, but it can be planted farther north, with USDA Zone 6 possible for some of its cultivars. This species is a wildlife friendly addition to a native plant garden. Thelaxes suberi (del Guercio), southern oak thelaxid, a 2 new Western Hemisphere record. This aphid, reported originally as a regulatory incident, has been found to be established in Florida. It is specific to oaks. 1 - Viburnum obovatum Walter (Walter’s viburnum) flowers. Photo by Alan Cressler, Wildflower Center Digital Library, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang and Eisenback, 1983, a 3 new host record, was detected on Japanese blueberry tree (Elaeocarpus decipiens) roots in Brooksville. This nematode species is currently under quarantine regulations in three states (Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi) in the United States. Schlumbergera virus X (SchVX) in Opuntia cochenillifera 4 (cochineal cactus), a new Continental USA record, was collected from a nursery in Miami-Dade County. SchVX has been reported from Schlumbergera bridgesii (Christmas cactus) in Yugoslavia, Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit, pitahaya) in 2 - Thelaxes suberi (del Guercio) male. Brazil, Schlumbergera truncata (Thanksgiving cactus) in Brazil Photo by Tavia Gordon, DPI and O. ficus-indica (prickly pear) in Mexico. 3 - Meloidogyne enterolobii root galling on infected Elaeocarpus decipiens, Japanese blueberry, roots. Photo by Janete Brito, DPI 4 - Opuntia cochenillifera with chlorotic spot and yellow concentric rings. Photo by Patricia Soria, DPI 3 BOTANY Compiled by Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D. and Alex de la Paz, B.S. This section identifies plants for the Division of Plant Industry, as well as for other governmental agencies and private individuals. The Botany Section maintains a reference herbarium with over 14,000 plant specimens and 1,400 vials of seeds. QUARTERLY ACTIVITY REPORT JAN-MARCH 2020 - YEAR TO DATE Samples Submitted 1,138 1,138 by Other DPI Sections Samples Submitted 159 159 for Botanical Identification Only Total Samples 1,297 1,297 Submitted Specimens Added to 226 226 the Herbarium Some of the samples submitted recently are described below. 1 - Argemone mexicana L. (Mexican pricklypoppy) flower. Argemone mexicana L. (Mexican pricklypoppy), from Photo by Roger Hammer, Atlas of Florida Plants 1 a genus of about 32 species native to North America, the West Indies, Central America, South America and Hawaii, in the plant family Papaveraceae. This species, typically seen growing in open disturbed areas and sandy roadsides, is native to Florida, the West Indies and potentially Mexico and Central America. It has been introduced along the coast of the United States from New England to Texas, and in South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. In Florida, it is found in the peninsula and central and western panhandle. The sample submitted for identification this quarter is a new record for Indian River County. Plants are annual herbs up to 1 m tall, flowering and fruiting in the spring through fall. The stems are erect, glabrous, glaucous and sparingly prickly or unarmed. Leaves are alternate, mostly clasping, pinnately lobed, and the margins are dentate with each tooth terminated by a prickle. The upper and lower leaf surfaces are glabrous, glaucous, often blotched with pale green, and 2 - Viburnum obovatum Walter (Walter’s viburnum) flowers. sometimes sparingly prickly on the veins. Inflorescences are Photo by Alan Cressler, Wildflower Center Digital Library, Lady Bird Johnson terminal and cymose with flowers solitary or few, conspicuous, Wildflower Center subtended by one or two leaf-like bracts. Each flower consists of two or three sepals, each with a subterminal, hollow, terete, spine-tipped horn; two whorls of three, bright yellow, broadly obovate petals; and 30 to 50 stamens with yellow filaments. The superior ovary contains four to six united carpels. Fruits are oblong to broadly ellipsoid capsules, unarmed or with a few rigid prickles, dehiscing from the apex through four to six valves. Seeds are numerous, globose, arillate, minutely pitted 4 and about 2 mm long. Plants exude yellow sap when damaged. REFERENCES All parts of the plant have been used in traditional medicine across the world for the treatment of several ailments including Correll, D.S. and H.B. Correll. (1982). Flora of the Bahama tumors, skin diseases, inflammations, microbial infections and Archipelago. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany. 1,692 p. malaria. The seeds are reported to be toxic if ingested. This species is related to Papaver somniferum, the plant from which Godfrey, R.K. (1988). Trees, shrubs and woody vines of northern opium is derived, so it is no surprise it is pharmacologically Florida and adjacent Georgia and Alabama. University of significant as well. (Indian River County; B2020-26; Alexander Georgia Press, Athens. 735 p. Tasi; 24 January 2020.) (Correll and Correll 1982; Weakley 2015; Hammer, R. (2004). Florida Keys wildflowers: a field guide to Wunderlin and Hansen 2011; http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/ wildflowers, trees, shrubs, and woody vines of the Florida Keys. Plant.aspx?id=3632 [accessed 6 April 2020]). Falcon Press, Guilford, Connecticut. 231 p. Viburnum obovatum Walter (Walter’s viburnum; small- Mabberley, D.J. (2017). Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable 2 leaf arrowwood), from a genus of approximately 180 dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, 4th edition. species, native to temperate and warm regions, especially Cambridge University Press, New York, New York. 1,102 p. China and North America, in the plant family Adoxaceae (formerly placed in the Caprifoliaceae, known as the Nelson, G. (2003). Florida’s best native landscape plants: 200 Honeysuckle Family). This species is a shrub or small tree, to readily available species for homeowners and professionals. 5 m tall, native to several states in the Southeast as far north University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 411 p. as South Carolina, but it can be planted farther north, with USDA Zone 6 possible for some of its cultivars. Throughout Weakley, A.S. (2015). Flora of the southern and mid-Atlantic the coastal plain in its native range, this viburnum is found in states. Working draft of 21 May 2015. University of North wetter areas, from swamps to floodplain forests. The bark of Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, the trunk is usually gray to near black with shallow fissures. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Leaves