HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL & AMPHIBIANS15, NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 28(2):189 278–279 • AUG 2021 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS InterspecificFEATURE ARTICLES Amplexus by a Male Terai . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: Treefrog,On the Road to Understanding Polypedates the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s teraiensis Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua(Dubois M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: 1987)A Hypothetical(Anura: Excursion ............................................................................................................................ Rhacophoridae), andRobert W. Hendersona Female 198 RESEARCH ARTICLES Serchhip. The Texas Horned LizardHorned in Central and Western TexasFrog, ....................... Emily Xenophrys Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and serchhipii Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida Mathew ............................................. and SenBrian J. Camposano, 2007 Kenneth L. Krysko, (Anura: Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan,Megophryidae), and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERT . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 . More Than Mammals ...............................................................................................................................from Mizoram, India....................................... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................... 225 Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga, Lal Muansanga, Ht. Decemson, and Lal Biakzuala HUSBANDRY Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl–796004, Mizoram, India ([email protected]) . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226 PROFILE . Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234 he Terai Treefrog (Polypedates teraiensis) occurs at eleva- specific amplexus, including low numbers of females (Wogel tions of 40–1,800COMMENTARY m asl in Nepal, India, Bangladesh, et al. 2005), high numbers of competing males and noisy T . and Myanmar (FrostThe 2021). Turtles Have Frequently Been Watching encountered Me ........................................................................................................................ around Eric Gangloff 238 human habitationBOOK (Barooah REVIEW and Sarma 2016) as well as in tropical and subtropical. Threatened forests, Amphibians males of thecall World from edited overhanging by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, vegetation or the banksR. ofBerridge, temporary P. Ramani, pools, and B.E. ditches,Young .............................................................................................................. ponds, or Robert Powell 243 slow-flowing water streams (Purkayastha 2021). CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 The Serchhip NATURALHorned HISTORYFrog (Xenophrys RESEARCH serchhipii REPORTS): is Summaries dis- of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 tributed in low to NEWBRIEFSmid-elevation ............................................................................................................................... tropical evergreen and semi- ....................................................... 248 EDITORIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 251 deciduous broadleaf FOCUS forests ON CONSERVATIONwith varying degrees: A Project of You anthro Can Support- ............................................................................................... 252 pogenic disturbance (Mahony et al. 2020) in northeastern India (Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram), Bangladesh, and Myanmar (Frost 2021). These toad-like frogs can exploit heavilyFront disturbed Cover. Shannon situations Plummer. rang- Back Cover. Michael Kern ing from areas mostly cleared of forestTotat et covervelleseque except audant mofor nar- Totat et velleseque audant mo row strips of dense vegetation alongestibus streams inveliquo to velique dense rerchil bamboo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus groves and mature teak monocultureaut dolor plantations apicto invere (Mahony pe dolum et aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum al. 2020). fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- Male anurans often fail to discriminate between recep- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as tive conspecific females and malesaccullabo. or spent females and indiscriminate males might even attempt to mate with frogs of other species (Duellman and Trueb 1986). However, amplexus between two different species (interspecific or het- erospecific) is not a commonly observed behavior (Beranek 2017; Mudrek et al. 2017; Groffen et al. 2019) and can trigger negative demographic consequences (Amore et al. 2009). Communication and recognition among amphibians occur via visual, chemical, or acoustic signals (Belanger and Corkum 2009) but these can be affected by noisy environ- Fig. 1. A male Terai Treefrog (Polypedates teraiensis) and a female Serchhip Horned Frog (Xenophrys serchhipii) on a rock (top) and after the female ments and by sharing microhabitats with other frog species leapt toward a stream (bottom) at Sihhmui, Mizoram, India. Photographs (Shahrudin 2016). Various factors might contribute to inter- by Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga. Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a 278 Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 2332-4961 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. LALREMSANGA ET AL. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 28(2): 278–279 • AUG 2021 environments (Wells 2007), confusion of chemical signals Literature Cited (Mollov et al. 2010), low selectivity (Machado and Bernarde Amore, A.D., E. Kirby, and V. Hemingway. 2009. Reproductive interference by an invasive species: an evolutionary trap. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 2011), long-term absence of conspecific females and explo- 4: 325–330. sive breeding strategies (Vivek et al. 2014). Muansanga et Barooah, C. and L. Sarma. 2016. Vertebrates of Assam. A Checklist with IUCN Status. al. (2021a, 2021b) reported interspecific amplexus between Assam Science Technology and Environment Council, Guwahati, Assam, India. a male P. teraiensis and a female White-lipped Treefrog (P. Belanger, R.M. and L.D. Corkum. 2009. Review of aquatic sex pheromones and chemical communication in anurans. Journal of Herpetology 43: 184–191. braueri) and between a male P. teraiensis and female Cope’s https://doi.org/10.1670/08-054R1.1. Assam Frog (Hydrophylax leptoglossa), respectively. In the fam- Beranek, C. 2017. Litoria dentata (Bleating Tree Frog) and Litoria peronii (Peron’s ily Megophryidae, interspecific amplexus has been recorded Tree Frog). Interspecific amplexus. Herpetological Review 48: 411. between a Palawan Horned Frog (Pelobatrachus ligayae) and a Duellman, W.E. and L. Trueb. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, New York, USA. Philippine Toad (Ingerophrynus phillippinicus) (Lorenzo and Frost, D.R. 2021. Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. Realubit 2019). American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA. https://doi. Between 1900–2000 h on 12 April 2019, we observed org/10.5531/db.vz.0001. <https://amphibiansofheworld.amnh.org/index.php>. a male P. teraiensis and a female X. serchhipii in axillary Groffen, J., Y. Yang, A. Borzee, and Y. Jang. 2019. Interspecific amplexus between Glandirana tientaiensis (Chang, 1933) and Odorrana schmackeri (Boettger, amplexus on a rock (Fig. 1) about 1.5 m from a stream pass- 1892) at the Fuchun River, eastern China. Herpetology Notes 12: 41–42. ing through secondary forest at Sihhmui, Aizawl District, Lorenzo, A.N. II and N.D.C. Realubit. 2019. Interspecific amplexus between Mizoram, India (23°47'56.79"N, 92°39'2.67"E; elev. 186 m Ingerophrynus philippinicus and Megophrys ligayae on Palawan Island, Philippines. Southeast Asia Vertebrate Records 2019: 74–75, asl). Possibly disturbed by our presence, the female frog leapt Machado, R.A. and P.S. Bernarde. 2011. Multiple and heterospecific amplexi ca. 65 cm toward the stream. The streambed consisted of between the toads Rhaebo guttatus and Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae). sand and gravel covered by dry leaves and twigs and scattered Herpetology Notes 4: 167–169. Mahony, S., R.G. Kamei, E.C. Teeling, and S.D. Biju. 2020. Taxonomic review temporary pools. Low vegetation (< 1.5 m tall) and creep- of the Asian Horned Frogs (Amphibia: Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt) ing plants bordered the stream. Air temperature and relative of Northeast India and Bangladesh previously misidentified as M. parva humidity at