-ix- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS SI. Fig. Title Page No. No. Mo. 1 2.1 Distribution of Fairs According 30-31 to Months in Maharashtra. 2 2.2 Hindu Religious Festivals 32-33 According to Seasons. 3 3.1 Indus Civilization and Its Diffusion 47-48 (C.2800 to 2200 B.C.) 4 3.2 Approximate Diffusion of Vedic 48-49 Religion After C.1100 B.C. 5 3.3 Diffusion of Jainism in Maharashtra 50-51 6 3.4 Origin of Buddhism and its Diffusion 51-52 in Maharashtra. 7 3.5 Diffusion of Muslim (Islam) Religion 53-54 in India and Maharashtra. 8 3.6 Guru Nanak's Missionary Tours 55-56 9 3.7 Diffusion of Christianity 56-57 10 4.1 Percentage of S.T. Population to 63-64 total population (Tahsil-wise). 11 4.2 A Raj Gond Temple in Kinwat Tahsil 67-68 (Nanded) . 12 4.3 Goddess Himai of Varlis 68-69 13 4.4 Supli and Vir Goddesses 68-69 14 4.5 Arrangement of Participants in Kirtana 72-73 15 4.6 Plan of Viththala's Temple at Pandharpur 73-74 -X- 16 4.7 Ellora : rock-cut apsidal Chaitygriha, 74-75 plan. 17 4.8 Ajanta : Cave 1, plan 74-75 18 4.9 Essential Parts of an Indian Mosque 74—75 19 4.10 Essential Parts of Church 75-76 20 4.11 Kolhapur City 83-84 21 4.12 Ahmadnagar City 85-86 22 4.13 Aurangabad City 87-88 23 4.14 Nagpur City 89-90 24 4.15 Bombay City 90-91 25 4.16 Nasik City 91-92 26 5.1 Sketch Maps of Village Rui and Niwali 102-103 (B.K.) . 27 5.2 Places of Hindu Religious importance 104-105 and/or Pilgrimage in Maharashtra. 28 5.3 Temples of Mahadeva 104-105 29 5.4 Temples of Khandoba 104-105 30 5.5 Temples of Viththala 104-105 31 5.6 Christian and Mohammedan places of 109-110 fairs with congregation of 25,000 persons and over. 32 6.1 Maharashtra State deities of fairs 123-124 with congregation of 25,000 and over. 33 6.2 District-wise distribution of 123-124 Religious fairs in Maharashtra. 34 6.3 Spatial distribution of Religious 124-125 fairs in Maharashtra (distric-wise). -xi- 3 5 6.4 Map showing places from where data 126-127 has been collected personally. 36 6.5 Map showing Location of Pandharpur 134-135 37 6.6 Situation of Pandharpur 134-135 38 6.7 Concentric Zones 143-144 39 6.8 Pandharpur Landuse 144-145 40 6.9 Routes of Movement of Religious 150-151 Palanquines for Ashadhi Ekadashi (up journey) . 41 6.10 Routes of Movement of Religious 150-151 Palanquines for Ashadhi Ekadashi (down journey). 42 6.11 Details of special S.T. Buses for 152-153 Ashadhi Pandharpur fair (from 25th June to 4th July, 1985). 43 6.12 Places associated with Saint Namdeo 153-154 in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Pun j ab . 44 6.13 Rajasthan places having old Namdeo 153-154 temples. 45 6.14 Development plan of Viththala Mandir 154-155 (temple) at Pandharpur. 46 6.15 Sketch map of Tuljapur showing sacred 158-159 places. 47 6.16 Details of special S.T. buses 160-161 for (Navaratra) Tuljapur fair- 48 6.17 Sketch map showing shop types at 162-163 Chatushshringi fair, Year:1984. -xii- 49 6.18 Situation of Tryambakeshwar 165-166 50 6.19 Places visited by Saint Gadge 17 0-171 Maharaj for Kirtan and Annadana (Year 1907 to 1956 A.D.). 51 6.20 Places visited by Saint Gadge 170-171 Maharaj for activities regarding gorakshana, leper's home/ choultry and animal sacrifice (Year : 1920- 1956 A.D.). 52 6.21 Hap showing the location of Shirdi. 172-173 53 6.22 Map showing morphology and shop 172-173 types at Shirdi fair (28th to 31st March, 1985). 54 6.23 Shirdi : Landuse 173-174 55 6.24 Total number of special S.T. Buses 176-177 for Shirdi fair (28th to 31st March, 1985). 56 6.25 Source areas of pilgrims staying 176-177 overnight at Shirdi (1st to 7th February, 1985). 57 6.26 Map showing location of Jejuri 179-180 58 6.27 Situation of Jejuri 179-180 59 6.28 Map showing old highway 179-180 60 6.29 Evolution of Jejuri 179-180 61 6.30 Jejuri : landuse 181-182 62 6.31 Trips of special S.T. buses for 182-183 Jejuri fair -xiii- 63 6.32 A Sketch map showing places 183-184 consecrated by Shri Gajanan Maharaj. 6.32 B Map showing places visited by 183-184 Shri Gaj anan Maharaj. 64 6.33 Students' zone of Shri Bhagwat 184-185 Dharma Vidya Mandir, Segaon. 65 6.34 Spatial distribution of itinerant 186-187 traders visiting Maruti at Barashiv (Dist. Parbhani, 1985). 66 6.35 Spatial distribution of itinerant 188-189 traders visiting Turab-Ul-Haq fair at Parbhani, 1985. 67 6.36 Trips of special S.T. buses for 189-190 Turao-Ul-Haq fair, 1985. 68 6.37 Location map of Haji Malang Ilargah 190-191 (dist. Thane). 69 6.38 Frequency distribution of pilgrims 192-193 visiting Haji Malang (Dist. Thane). 70 7.1 India, Distribution of Hindus, 1971. 203-204 71 7.2 India, Distribution of Hindus, 1981. 203-2 04 72 7.3 District-wise percentage of Hindu 204-205 population to total population in Maharashtra (Years : 1951, 1961, 1971 and 1981). 73 7.4 Percentage distribution of scheduled 204-205 Tribe population in Maharashtra (Year : 1971). -xiv- 74 7.5 District-v;ise decade variations 206-207 of Hindu population in Maharashtra (Decades : 1951-61, 1961-71 and 1971-81). 75 7.6 India, Distribution of Muslims, 207-208 I 1971. 76 7.7 India, Distribution of Muslims, 207-208 1981. 77 7.8 District-wise percentage of Muslim 208-209 population to toal population in Maharashtra (Years : 1951, 1961, 1971 and 1981). 78 7.9 District-wise decade variations of 210-211 Muslim population in Maharashtra (Decades : 1951-61, 1961-71 and 1971-81). 79 7.10 India, Distribution of Buddhists, 1971. 211-212 80 7.11 India, Distribution of Buddhists, 1981. 211-212 81 7.12 District-wise percentage of Buddhist 212-213 population to total population in Maharashtra (Year : 1961, 1971 and 1981). 82 7.13 India, Distribution of Christians, 213-214 1971. 83 7.14 India, Distribution of Christians, 213-214 1981. 84 7.15 District-wise percentage of 214-215 Christian population to total population in Maharashtra (Years : 1951,1961,1971 and 1981). -XV- 85 7.16 India, Distribution of Jains, 1971. 215-216 86 7.17 India, Distribution of Jains, 1981. 215-216 87 7.18 District-wise percentage of Jain 215-216 population to total population in Maharashtra (Years : 1951, 1961, 1971 and 1981). 88 7.19 Places of Religious Interest, 220-221 Maharashtra. .