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UNIX to Windows Porting Guide iii iv MKS Toolkit Table of Contents 1 Introduction...............................................................1 A Note About Compilers ........................................................................2 2 Windows Concepts ..................................................3 Process Management ..............................................................................3 Process Control................................................................................3 Process And Thread Scheduling......................................................5 Process Identification ......................................................................6 Memory Management......................................................................6 Signal Management .........................................................................7 Security ...................................................................................................8 Windows Security Overview...........................................................9 Security Identifiers ...................................................................9 Security of Objects .................................................................10 Object Access .........................................................................11 Rights and Permissions ..........................................................11 Impersonation.........................................................................11 Users and Groups...........................................................................12 Mapping of User- and Group-IDs ..........................................12 The root User and Group........................................................13 User and Group Database.......................................................13 File Security...................................................................................14 Mapping UNIX Access Modes to NTFS Permissions ...........14 Determining Ownership .........................................................14 File Mode Initialization .................................................................16 File Management ..................................................................................16 File Systems...................................................................................16 Path Names ....................................................................................18 Path Names Containing Spaces .....................................................20 Path Names Corresponding To DOS Device Names ....................20 Text Files and Binary Files............................................................20 File I/O and Control.......................................................................21 Special Files...................................................................................22 Shared Libraries....................................................................................24 Files ...............................................................................................24 Dynamic Linking vs. Static Linking..............................................24 Exporting Symbols from DLLs .....................................................25 UNIX to Windows Porting Guide v Data Exported From DLLs ............................................................25 Locating DLLs at Run Time..........................................................25 Interprocess Communications and Networking....................................26 Locales ..................................................................................................28 Screen Management..............................................................................28 3 The Porting Process...............................................31 Overview of the Porting Process ..........................................................31 Preparing to Port ...................................................................................33 Determining the Scope of the Port ................................................33 Accessing Source Files..................................................................33 Line Termination....................................................................34 File System Differences .........................................................34 Transferring and Sharing Source Files...................................34 Selecting a Work Environment......................................................35 Preparing to Build.................................................................................36 Make File Issues ............................................................................36 Header File Issues..........................................................................37 MKS Toolkit UNIX API Header Files...................................37 Compilation Environments.....................................................38 Source Code Issues........................................................................40 Text and Binary Modes ..........................................................41 ANSI Prototypes.....................................................................41 Global System Variables ........................................................41 Conditional Compilation ........................................................42 Using Data Exported From DLLs ..........................................42 Path Names.............................................................................43 Device Files............................................................................43 Globbing.................................................................................43 Byte Ordering .........................................................................44 Calling Back Into NuTCRACKER Code From Win32 Code .......44 Compiling and Linking the Application ...............................................46 Debugging the Application...................................................................47 Porting Scripts.......................................................................................49 Integrating with Windows ....................................................................50 Packaging and Deploying the Application ...........................................51 Porting to Windows Me........................................................................51 Strategies for Maintaining a Single Executable ............................51 Differences Between Windows Versions ......................................52 Daemons/Services ..................................................................52 Security...................................................................................52 Event Logging ........................................................................53 Process IDs .............................................................................53 vi MKS Toolkit 4 API-Specific Porting Issues...................................55 Process Management ............................................................................55 Process Control..............................................................................55 atexit().....................................................................................55 clock().....................................................................................55 exec() Family..........................................................................55 _exit()/exit()............................................................................56 fork().......................................................................................56 getitimer()/setitimer() .............................................................56 longjmp()/siglongjmp() ..........................................................57 _NutForkExecXXX() Family.................................................57 popen()....................................................................................57 pthread_atfork()......................................................................58 sleep()/nap()/usleep()/nanosleep()..........................................58 system() ..................................................................................58