University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 6-1-1957 The Extent and Effects of an Ecological Invasion Mary E. Flannigan The Municipal University of Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Flannigan, Mary E., "The Extent and Effects of an Ecological Invasion" (1957). Student Work. 1902. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/1902 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. tm m*mm Mm e f f e c t s of m SSCOSjOGICAI invasion A Thesis Presented to tli© Faculty of the Itepartnent of Sociology Municipal Onivemity of Omaha In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Art® b y Mary E* Flannigan June 1957 UMI Number: EP73542 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI DlMsrtalien PWMteMng. UMI EP73542 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 14 TABLE Or CONTENTS c m p m u fa m I. THE PROBLEM * » * . * . * ♦ * . I Statement of the problem and hypothesis. « . 1 Importance of the study. 5 II* m m m m or p m c m m m ******* *■ » * • » * » * * 6 Sourcea oi data ^ .«. *♦»..«♦***«♦*.* ? Organisation of remainder ofthooio* • 10 ill* DESCRIPTION OF TUB AHEA * * # . • . + #■ • * .* * * * U Historical data* 11 Ecological -data# .................... 1.4 IV. SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION. • .* « *■ 30 V. MOBILITY. * . .......... 46 VI. SOCIAL WEIPABS SERVICES .............. 56 VII. SUMMARY ABB CONCLUSIONS ♦ * + ...... * . * . 63 Summary. .................... 63 Conclusions* . 67 BIBLIOGRAPHY. » * . ...... 74 APFSffl&IX* ........................ 77 iam w vm t# rsm H Atm mm cacer*«w«, isso.>,.,**»*.»«..»»„..* ju Ki®*w m m tm «»*©» m m wm I«eu ».»ja w <s*®r* ««M 4' ft 4 #• * « *■ * ft .4 •#• 4 ¥• * f .* * *.# st&gJiGft or tm ?*■ M Sr *8.$®®*#$ JLtfMa V*-*'*'■$ { 'if. ft ft ft- -ft- * f ' ft- # # .4: ft- * ■*" ft- f t * ■* * f f t • f . 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DMAaA, eft -»-*■ 4 # a 4 ft f 4 .ft 4 - # ft .6 » ft ft * ft-'f tt -® ft ft ft ft ft ft-ft ft « -ft ft ft. ft ft ft ft f t * ft ft- * ft-* « ; *:*■■»- # -ft ft ft-ft ft »;« * ft ft-# * ft-*- * * > it's) tfWWtf* «M8», « i J^WM? 14*f«.... m ©F WOHSK %N CWItlAK WB8S FORCE» OMAHA 8 19S0>. * ft. ft ft f.- ft * ft.ft f t -ft ft ft- iv htsf m mm m v PAGE I. DOUGLAS COUNTY - AID TO DEPENDENT CHILDREN...........35 II, JUVENILE COURT CASES, 1953 - OMAHA, NEBRASKA . , , . 30 III, DOUGLAS C O W S ’ - ODD AGE ASSISTANCE C A S E S . .......... 58 APPENDIX A I. TRACTS 7 * 15, ............. ...........79 II. ZONING MAP - CENSUS TRACTS 7, 8, 9 and 10. ..... 80 m m or m m m m u m PACE i, mmuuMmt m wmm mu w-tiifi ymmm* maom* « * * * Cft&FfESt t America has a people who are ,fon tlx#, m o w * 1* Modern transport tat ion, communicati on * de een tral iaa t ion of industry, and erowdiog of cities t o w -ail encouraged a mobile population* In this mobility, all cilia© IneX-hde within their boundaries definite eharacterist ie© Of many meighfoorbood©* f-ooioXOgi#to-. by concensus of opinion define -a neighborhood as an area with fairly well-defined boundaries, occupied 'by individuals or families living in close physical proximity* Prom a social-psychoXogi cal point of view, the emphasis would be upon the attitudes of neighbor# toward each other and of the emotional, inten­ sity of the interaction^ the specific area selected as the basis for this study was a cluster of neighborhoods which were in the process of under going many change,s.. both socially and economically by the in­ vasion of the Jfegro group* Because of the marhed change# by Invasion and succession recently brought about through mobility of population, social planning interest has been directed toward a means of me#ting some of the basic needs of its population*. 1. 1® mOBlBU Statement of problem* <11 the problem of this thesis was to investigate whether or not an area was invaded*- (Z) The prob­ lem of this thesis attempted to ascertain the degree of family disorganisation and 'liaotltutioaal disorg&tiissation resulting gp<m invasion* There were many -areas in the Gity of Omaha 4 which- oetiM 'have been selected for study* The area selected for this study was Census Tracts T-B-9-10® 'The area Is bounded ©a the north by Ames- Avenue; the south by Ibake Street $ the east by the Missouri Elver* and the west by 5Qih Street* Geographically, the area is defined as the Sacred Ifeart-loihrop area he cause of the presence and influence of these two schools,, (Map 1, Appendix A)• Points Cl) and (2) are based on the hypothesis: when a neighborhood -has been in­ vaded;,. there I© disorganisation within the area* Invasion occurs when a .group of different economic or cultural status moves into an- area occupied fey a -group possessing superior status, gradually taking over the district and changing it© complexion to match the culture of. the invading element* Invasion may fee of two kindss the influx of one type of population into, an area occupied fey another — residen tial invasion $ and the movement of certain institutions into areas that have been p r e v i o u s l y put to a different use — industrial invasion* Since the coning pattern of the city restricts ©acred lleart-JLothrop for commercial advancement» invasion at this time was limited to the residential type* Population Invasion fey racial types is not unique to Omaha, Nebraska, or this specific area, for similar studies have dealt with conflict© that a-ecompany invasions* In a. study of changing ^neigh­ bor hood1’ in ho© Angeles, McClenahan made several references to the fact that Negro and Japanese population© were Invading the area* She was able in her ©indy to draw a racial botmd&ry lino to mark the extent to- which the#©- population© ted invaded the area formerly occupied exclusively by whites-* She devoted mnmi of .ter attention, not to a quantitative spatial study of the invasion nor even to ita qualitative description but to its character a© a crisis In the i nei giiterhood* Another study of an. invasion sequence was made in relation 2- to a Negro area in Cincinnati* ' The factual tesis for this study consists of two maps- made at m interval of four years* lack map shows in detail fixe location of residence© of Negroes and white© on the respective dates* Certain observation© were made from this study: Cl) An invasion Into a somewhat deteriorated area- near a busy commercial street proceeded -more rapidly than another invasion in the direction away from the business center* (2) Areas of single-family residence occupied fey older houses with large private yards resisted invasion more effectively than areas of single-family homes with small yards* (-3) When Negroes once entered a particular block, the change in racial composition within that block proceeded more rapidly than the • average movement of the .invasion front.* (4) Invasions proceed more easily along the two- sides of a .street than along, the two parallel sides of -a rectangular block that face di££erent ©treets* . « v : l t n „ ; i ' f i i " ] r " t n i ' i i t ' ; : i.i j r i r r. r 1; V' l U' . , it i n - » - v ,r : " - i i ( . i i 1i 11; „ r r r - Bessie A* McClenahan, The. Changing Crban Neighborhood« (1*00 Angeles: University of Southern California, 26-20, s-tea.0* 2 Unpufelislxe-d material, (department of Sociology, University of Cincinnati *) Invasion ha© a iso been studied in relation .to- local sub-areas within the metropolis* Shaw and McKay, for example*. have compiled data showing that a population, of a given cultural or racial type succeeds another in a given part of the city* For example, they found that in Chicago a given tract reported its f#reign«*li03m.