Introduction ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The development of this training program is the product of combined efforts and vast resources of many individuals, groups and organizations. Special appreciation goes to the following individuals for the production of this manual and all training materials: Debra Casper Mike McDonald Carol Fisher Sam Miller, Jr. Wayne Fleming Patricia Murray John Geisel James Pappas Tom Hicks Wendell Richards Woody Hood Gil Rushton Warren Kelly Ben Schiappa Bruce Kenney Ralph Smith, Jr. Ramzi Khuri James Swisher Dave Kuniega Ted Whitmore Fred Lees Richard Wray ` Fred Lovett Sharon Zanetti Our gratitude is extended to the companies listed below for their permission to use their printed materials, slides, videos, and technical information. 3M Company Cataphote, Inc. Epoplex Flint Trading, Inc. Potters Industries Sherwin Williams Stimsonite Trelleborg Industry Introduction |page i Introduction TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 Standard Practices......................................................................................1-1 - 1-18 CHAPTER 2 Reflective Glass Beads ................................................................................2-1 - 2-18 CHAPTER 3 Traffic Paint .................................................................................................3-1 - 3-10 CHAPTER 4 Liquid Thermoplastic...................................................................................4-1 - 4-14 CHAPTER 5 Preformed Thermoplastic............................................................................5-1 - 5-10 CHAPTER 6 Epoxy Resin.................................................................................................. 6-1 - 6-6 CHAPTER 7 Polyurea Resin...............................................................................................7-1 - 7-6 CHAPTER 8 Preformed Tape.............................................................................................8-1 - 8-6 CHAPTER 9 Pavement Markers ........................................................................................9-1 - 9-6 CHAPTER 10 Installation, Acceptance and Inventory of Materials.............................10-1 - 10-14 CHAPTER 11 Equipment............................................................................................... 11-1 - 11-7 CHAPTER 12 Eradication..............................................................................................12-1 - 12-6 APPENDIX A VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications …................................................... A-1 - A-16 APPENDIX B VDOT Acceptance of Materials, Inventory Tracking Program and Manual of Instructions with Approved List..................................................................... B-1 - B-23 APPENDIX C Virginia Test Method 94..….......................................................................... C-1 - C-8 APPENDIX D Answers to Knowledge Check Questions.… ...............................................D-1 - D-16 BIBLIOGRAPHY Introduction |page ii Introduction The Pavement Marking course is only available as an online course. This manual is designed to accompany the online course and generally follows the course. The manual’s chapters are in the same order as the course modules and contain the same information although not in the specific order or formatting as the modules. You may use the manual as an “open book” resource when taking the examination. Exams must be completed by November 30, 2021. For questions concerning the exam contact CCWA at 804-523-2290. Test: Open Book – 50 multiple choice Proficiency: Open Book – 25 multiple choice - given with exam (Both tests taken at the same time/sitting) Grading: Score 70% or better to pass Exam Results: Certifications can be found on VDOTU. Non-VDOT personnel can find their results at the following website: https://virtualcampus.vdot.virginia.gov/external . Create a new account if you have never taken a VDOT certification course. If you do not know your login and password, DO NOT create a new account email [email protected] or call (804)328-3158 for login information and any questions. To be certified: Students must pass the written exam by November 30, 2021. Introduction |page iii Introduction APPLICATION FOR VDOT MATERIALS TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION This is to affirm that (Technician’s Name), hereinafter “Technician”, desires to be certified by VDOT as a Pavement Marking Technician. By making this Application, Technician acknowledges and agrees that Certification carries inherent rights and responsibilities. The rights include being exclusively sanctioned, along with others so certified by VDOT, to perform sampling, testing, and reporting of test results for quality acceptance, quality control and assurance programs. The responsibilities include performing and reporting tests with the accuracy and precision expected of the Technician in accordance with the required test procedures. By signing this Application, Technician agrees to strive to maintain compliance with all rules, regulations, specifications, industry standards, procedures and policies, applicable to any work performed under the Certification. A violation of the above as determined by the VDOT Technician Certification Review Board may result in a suspension or revocation of the rights and responsibilities conferred on the Technician. Revocation or suspension of one Certification may be considered a revocation or suspension of all Certifications held by the Technician. Further, any suspension or revocation of Technician’s Certification in any other jurisdiction may result in the VDOT Technician Certification Review Board taking the same or other action, against Technician’s Certification in Virginia. By signing below, Technician also affirms that he/she is aware that both State and Federal laws may govern construction projects in Virginia, including Title 18, United States Code, Section 1020, that states, in pertinent part, that anyone making falsifications on Federal-aid projects,“Shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.” I, ______________________________ (Print Name), affirm that I have read and fully understand the foregoing “APPLICATION FOR VDOT TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION,” and I agree to be bound by these terms. __________________________________________ ______________________________ Technician’s Signature Date Introduction |page iv 1 Standard Practices Learning Outcomes: Know the functions and limitations of traffic markings Understand the general principles of markings Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) Note: The MUTCD can be downloaded from the FHWA website to supplement this manual: http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov MUTCD SECTION 3A.01 FUNCTIONS AND LIMITATIONS Support: Markings on highways have important functions in providing guidance and information for the road user. Major marking types include pavement and curb markings, object markers, delineators, colored pavements, barricades, channelizing devices and islands. In some cases, markings are used to supplement other traffic control devices such as signs, signals and other markings. In other instances, markings are used alone to effectively convey regulations, guidance, or warnings in ways not obtainable by the use of other devices. Markings have limitations. Visibility of the markings can be limited by snow, debris, and water on or adjacent to the markings. Marking durability is affected by material characteristics, traffic volumes, weather, and location. However, under most highway conditions, markings provide important information while allowing minimal diversion of attention from the roadway. Pavement markings can enhance roadway delineation with the addition of audible and tactile features such as bars, differential surface profiles, raised pavement markers, or other devices intended to alert the road user that a delineation on the roadway is being traversed. The general functions of longitudinal lines are: A. A double line indicates maximum or special restrictions, B. A solid line discourages or prohibits crossing (depending on the specific application), C. A broken line indicates a permissive condition, and D. A dotted line provides guidance. Chapter 1 І page 1 Standard Practices MUTCD SECTION 3A.02 STANDARDIZATION OF APPLICATION Standard: Each standard marking shall be used only to convey the meaning prescribed for that marking in this Manual. When used for applications not described herein, markings shall conform in all respects to the principles and standards set forth herein. Guidance: Before any new highway, paved detour, or temporary route is opened to traffic, all necessary markings should be in place. Standard: Markings that are no longer applicable for roadway conditions or restrictions and that might cause confusion for the road user shall be removed or obliterated to be unidentifiable as a marking as soon as practical. Markings that must be visible at night shall be retroreflective unless ambient illumination assures that the markings are adequately visible. All markings on Interstate highways shall be retroreflective. Option: Markings may be temporarily masked with tape until they can be removed or obliterated. MUTCD SECTION 3A.03 MATERIALS Support: Pavement and curb markings are commonly placed by using paints or thermoplastics; however, other suitable marking materials, including raised pavement markers and colored pavements, are also used. Delineators, object markers, barricades, and channelizing devices are visibly placed in a vertical position similar