The Economic Impacts of Agriculture and Forest Industries in Virginia Terance J. Rephann, Ph.D. June 2013 The Economic Impacts of Agriculture and Forest Industries in Virginia Terance J. Rephann, Ph.D. Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service University of Virginia June 2013 i Copyright © 2013 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia Credits: Cover photos clockwise from upper left; forest by Lightfoot of MorgueFile.com, livestock by Jusben of MorgueFile.com, meat display by Seamann of MorgueFile.com, wood stack from Imageafter.com P.O. Box 400206 Charlottesville, VA 22904 (434) 982-5522 • FAX: (434) 982-5524 • TDD: (434) 982-HEAR Website: www.coopercenter.org/ Richmond - Virginia Institute of Government 11 South 12th Street, Suite 225 Richmond, VA 23219-4035 (804) 371-0202 • FAX: (804) 371-0234 • TDD: (804) 982-HEAR Richmond - Council on Virginia’s Future 1001 E. Broad Street, Suite 430 Richmond, VA 23219 (804) 371-2346 • FAX: (804) 371-2347 Southwest One College Avenue Wise, VA 24293 (276) 328-0133 • FAX: (276) 328-0233 • TDD (540) 328-0191 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................................iv List of Figures ..................................................................................................................................................... v Preface .............................................................................................................................................................vii Study Highlights ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Section 1 Virginia’s Agriculture and Forestry Industries .................................................................................... 9 Agriculture................................................................................................................................................. 9 Forestry .................................................................................................................................................... 17 Section 2 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 25 Agriculture and Forestry-related Industry Identification......................................................................... 25 Economic Impact Modeling .................................................................................................................... 26 Data .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 Section 3 Results .............................................................................................................................................. 31 Statewide Impacts.................................................................................................................................... 31 Locality Impacts ...................................................................................................................................... 34 International Export Impacts ................................................................................................................... 36 Section 4 Other Agriculture and Forestry Impacts and Benefits ...................................................................... 39 Farm-related Income ............................................................................................................................... 39 Agriculture and Forest Related Tourism and Recreation ..................................................................... 39 Other Economic Impacts ..................................................................................................................... 40 Environment and Quality of Life ......................................................................................................... 41 Section 5 Summary and Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 43 References ..................................................................................................................................................... 45 Appendices ..................................................................................................................................................... 51 iii LIST OF TABLES 1.1 Number of Wood-using Mills by Type, Virginia, 1992-2009.................................................................... 19 1.2 Virginia Biomass Power Plants, Existing and Proposed ........................................................................... 24 3.1 Virginia Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries Direct Output, Employment, and Value-added, 2011 .......................................................................................................................... 31 3.2 Virginia Total, Direct, Indirect, and Induced Impacts of Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries, 2011 ........................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Total Impact of Virginia’s Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries by Major Industry, 2011 ............. 32 3.4 Total Impact of Virginia’s Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries by Component, Output in Millions of Dollars, 2011 ...................................................................................................... 33 3.5 Total Impact of Virginia’s Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries, Employment, 2011 ................... 33 3.6 Total Impact of Virginia’s Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries, Value-added in Millions of Dollars, 2011 ............................................................................................. 33 3.7 Virginia Total, Direct, Indirect, and Induced Impacts of Agriculture and Forestry-Related Industry Exports, 2011 .......................................................................................................................... 36 3.8 Virginia Total, Direct, Indirect, and Induced Impacts of Agriculture and Forestry-Related Industry Exports by Component, 2011 .................................................................................................. 37 4.1 Top Rural, Agriculture and Forest Activities and Attractions for Virginia Leisure Visitors, 2011 .......... 39 4.2 Wildlife Recreation Economic Impacts in Virginia, 2006......................................................................... 40 4.3 Ecological Values of Virginia Farm and Forestland .................................................................................. 41 B.1 Virginia Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries by Component ........................................................ 57 C.1 Virginia Agricultural Cash Receipts by IMPLAN Sector, 1990-2011 ..................................................... 59 D.1 Direct and Total Economic Impacts of Virginia Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries by Locality, Output 2011 ...................................................................................................... 61 D.2 Direct and Total Economic Impacts of Virginia Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries by Locality, Employment 2011 ............................................................................................. 65 D.3 Direct and Total Economic Impacts of Virginia Agriculture and Forestry-related Industries by Locality, Value-added 2011 ............................................................................................. 69 iv LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Cash Receipts by Commodity, Virginia, 2011............................................................................................... 9 1.2 Virginia Agricultural Cash Receipts, 1990-2011 ........................................................................................... 9 1.3 Virginia Farm Employment and Land Area, 1990-2010 ............................................................................. 10 1.4 Change in Virginia Farm Commodity Sales by Size and State Specialization, 2006-2011 ........................ 10 1.5 Government Payments as a Percentage of Virginia Farm Gross Cash Income, 1990-2011........................ 11 1.6 Farm Employment as Percentage of Total Employment by Locality, 2010 ................................................ 12 1.7 Virginia Agricultural Exports, 2006-2011 ................................................................................................... 12 1.8 Direct Sales of Agricultural Products, Virginia, 1997-2007 ........................................................................ 13 1.9 Employment Creation Agriculture-related Manufacturing Industries in Virginia ...................................... 13 1.10 Virginia Agriculture-related Manufacturing Employment, 2000-2011 ....................................................... 14 1.11 Virginia Tobacco Farm Cash Receipts and Tobacco Manufacturing Employment, 1990-2011 ................. 15 1.12