Planning Against Change Serbian and Croatian reactions to contact-induced linguistic innovation Madsen, Martin Schou Publication date: 2017 Document version Other version Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Madsen, M. S. (2017). Planning Against Change: Serbian and Croatian reactions to contact-induced linguistic innovation. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 01. okt.. 2021 PhD Thesis Martin Schou Madsen Planning Against Change Serbian and Croatian reactions to contact-induced linguistic innovations Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Structure and methodology .............................................................................. 6 1.1 The relatively short history of Serbo-Croatian ...................................... 9 1.1.1 Unification and diversification .......................................................... 10 1.1.2 The first steps towards a common norm ....................................... 13 1.1.3 Dictated commonality/unity (The interwar period) ................ 19 1.1.4 The Second World War – Diversification....................................... 20 1.1.5 Communist era – Unification, diversification, separation ....... 23 1.1.6 Partition - Independency ..................................................................... 30 1.2 Differences ......................................................................................................... 34 1.2.1 Scripts, pronunciation and spelling rules ...................................... 36 1.2.2 Lexemes, semiwords and affixes ....................................................... 40 1.2.3 Morphosyntactic differences .............................................................. 42 1.3 The linguistic phenomena under investigation .................................. 44 1.3.1 Nouns ........................................................................................................... 44 1.3.2 Nominal compounds .............................................................................. 44 1.3.3 Semiwords and affixes .......................................................................... 44 1.3.4 Indefinite articles .................................................................................... 45 1.4 The empirical data .......................................................................................... 45 2. Language Planning and the Standard Language ........................................ 57 2.1 Standard language and norm ..................................................................... 59 2.1.1 System, norm, speech ............................................................................ 65 2.2 Identity and communication ...................................................................... 69 2.2.1 Why hamper communication? ........................................................... 72 2.2.2 One language, one nation ..................................................................... 74 2.2.3 Purism ......................................................................................................... 76 2.3 Language status and language function ................................................. 85 2.3.1 Status, Corpus, Prestige and Acquisition Planning .................... 86 I 2.4 Planning of Serbian, Croatian and Serbo-Croatian ............................ 90 2.4.1 Selection ..................................................................................................... 94 2.4.2 Description and Prescription ............................................................. 96 2.4.3 Elaboration .............................................................................................. 100 2.4.4 Acceptance and Implementation .................................................... 104 2.4.5 Expansion and Cultivation ................................................................. 108 2.4.6 Evaluation and Reconstruction ....................................................... 109 2.5 Language planning and Contact linguistics ........................................ 111 3. Language Change and Contact ........................................................................ 113 3.1 Perspectives on change .............................................................................. 113 3.2 Language change ........................................................................................... 114 3.2.1 Grammatical change and lexical change ...................................... 118 3.2.2 Types of innovation .............................................................................. 128 3.3 Contact-induced language change .......................................................... 132 3.3.1 Types of contact-induced innovations .......................................... 133 3.3.2 Hierarchies or What is most replicable? ...................................... 142 3.3.3 The assumption of contact ................................................................ 143 4. Investigated Linguistic Innovations ............................................................. 146 4.1 Recent research in lexical divergence between Serbian and Croatian concerning replicated matter ........................................................ 146 4.2 Adaptation of replicated matter .............................................................. 154 4.2.1 Normative attitudes towards replicated matter ....................... 159 4.2.2 Substitution of replicated matter.................................................... 162 4.3 Nouns ................................................................................................................. 167 4.3.1 Empirical data ........................................................................................ 171 4.4 Nominal compounds .................................................................................... 180 4.4.1 The problem of categorisation ......................................................... 182 4.4.2 Contact-induced attributive, subordinate and coordinate compounds in Serbian and Croatian ........................................................ 193 4.4.3 Empirical data ........................................................................................ 204 4.5 Semiwords and affixes ................................................................................ 220 II 4.5.1 Formal and semantic features of semiwords and affixes ...... 224 4.5.2 Semiwords ............................................................................................... 226 4.5.3 Derivational affixes .............................................................................. 234 4.5.4 Empirical data ........................................................................................ 240 4.6 Indefinite articles .......................................................................................... 252 4.6.1 Indefiniteness in articles .................................................................... 259 4.6.2 Research of article-like usage of jedan and neki ....................... 263 4.6.3 Empirical data ........................................................................................ 266 5. Recapitulation and Conclusions ..................................................................... 279 5.1 Language planners and language users ............................................... 279 5.2 From lexical to grammatical ..................................................................... 281 5.3 Symbolic and communicative value ...................................................... 285 Appendices .................................................................................................................. 289 Appendix A .............................................................................................................. 289 Appendix B .............................................................................................................. 302 Appendix C .............................................................................................................. 324 Appendix D ............................................................................................................. 332 1. Querying nouns ............................................................................................ 333 2. Querying nominal compounds ............................................................... 334 3. Querying semiwords and affixes ........................................................... 338 4. Querying jedan and neki ........................................................................... 340 Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 342 Resumé ......................................................................................................................... 360 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 361 III List of Figures Figure 1.1 Countries where Serbo-Croatian was the majority language………………………………………………………………….. 9 Figure 2.1 Standard language according to Silić……………………....…. 67 Figure 2.2 Language on five levels of abstraction…………………..….... 68 Figure 2.3 Radovanović’s ten phases of language planning…..….….. 91 Figure 2.4 Haarmann’s ideal typology of language planning……...... 91 Figure 2.5 Hornberger’s integrative