DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 401 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES 1915 PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SIOPE DRAINAGE BASINS NATHAN C. GROVES, Chief Hydraulic Engineer C. H. PIERCE, C. C. COVERT, and G. C. STEVENS. District Engineers Prepared in cooperation with the States of MAIXE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, and NEW YORK WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 1917 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 401 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES 1915 PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer C. H. PIERCE, C. C. COVERT; and G. C. STEVENS, District Engineers Geological Prepared in cooperation with the States MAINE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS^! N«\f Yd] WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPEBINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE "WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 15 CENTS PER COPY V CONTENTS. Authorization and scope of work........................................... 7 Definition of terms....................................................... 8 Convenient equivalents.................................................... 9 Explanation of data...................................................... 11 Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 12 Cooperation............................................................... 14 Division of work.......................................................... 14 Gaging-station records.................................................... 14 St. John River basin................................................... 14 St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine................................. 14 St. John River at Van Buren, Maine................................ 16 Machias River basin. ......!.......................................... 18 Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine.............................. 18 Union River basin..................................................... 20 West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine.................... 20 Branch Lake near Ellsworth, Maine................................ 22 Penobscot River basin................................................ 22 West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine.............. 22 Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine............................ 23 East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine................ 25 Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine...................... 27 Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine. ........................... 29 Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine........................... 30 St. George River basin................................................ 32 St. George River at Union, Maine................................. 32 Kennebec River basin............. t .................................. 33 Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine............................... 33 Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine............................... 34 Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine............................... 36 Dead River at The Forks, Maine. ................................. 38 Sandy River near Farmington, Maine............................... 40 Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine............................. 40 Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine......................... 44 Androscoggin River basin...'.......................................... 46 Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H............................. 46 Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H............................... 47 Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine........................ 49 Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine......................... 51 Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine....~............. 51 Presumpscot River basin............................................... 54 Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine.................. 54 Saco River basin....................................................... 56 Saco River at West Buxton, Maine ................................ 56 Merrimack River basin................................................. 57 Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H....................... 57 Merrimack River at Garvins Falls, N. H............................ 59 3 4 CONTENTS. Gaging-station records Continued. Merrimack River basin Continued. Page. ,Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass................................. 62 South. Branch of Nashua River basin near Clinton, Mass............. 64 Sudbury River and Lake Cochituate basins near Framingham and Cochituate, Mass................................................ 65 Blackstone River basin................................................. 67 Blackstone River at Albion, R.I.................................... 67 Connecticut River basin................................................ 69 Connecticut River at Orford, N. H ................................. 69 Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass.............................. 71 Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.......... 72 White River at West Hartford, Vt.................................. 74 Millers River at Erving, Mass....................................... 75 Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass................................ 78 Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass................................ 80 Swift River at West Ware, Mass.................................... 82 Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass............................. 84 Westfield River at Knightville, Mass................................ 85 Westfield River near Westfield, Mass................................ 87 Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass............. 89 Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass......................... 91 Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass................................. 93 Farmington River near New Boston, Mass........................... 94 Housatonic River basin.................................................. 96 Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass...................... 96 Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn............................ 98 " Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn............................ 101 Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn......................... 102 Hudson River basin.................................................... 104 Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y................................. 104 Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.................................... 106 Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y................................. 108 Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y . ............................ 110 Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y................................ Ill Indian Lake reservoir near Indian Lake, N. Y...................... 113 Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y............................... 114 Schroon River at Riverbank," N. Y.................................. 115 Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y................................... 117 Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y.................................. 119 West Branch of Sacandaga River at Blackbridge, near Wells, N. Y... 120 Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y.............................. 122 Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y ......................... 124 Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y .................................. 126 'Delaware River basin................................................. 128 East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y................. 128 Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y................................ 130 Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J................................ 132 Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y................................... 133 West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y................. 135 Susquehanna River basin.............................................. 137 Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y................................ 137 Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y........................ 139 X3hemung River at Chemung, N. Y................................. 141 CONTENTS. 5 Gaging-station records Continued. Page. Patuxent River basin................................................. 143 Patu'xent River near Burtonsville, Md............................. 143 Potomac River basin................................................... 145 Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md.............................. 145 Monocacy River near Frederick, Md................................. 146 Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va................................ 148 Rappahannock River basin............................................. 149 Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va....................... 149 Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 151 Index.................................................................... 153 Appendix Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... i ILLUSTRATIONS. Paga. PLATE I. A, Price current meter; B, Typical gaging station................... 10 II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez.... 11 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS, 1915. AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK. This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during the year ending September 30, 1915. The data presented in these reports were collected by the United States Geological