Ciência Rural ISSN: 0103-8478 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Spanholi Calgaroto, Nicéia; Teixeira Nicoloso, Fernando; Belmonte Pereira, Luciane; Cargnelutti, Denise; Goldschmidt Antes, Fabiane; Dressler, Valderi Luiz Nutritional disorder in Pfaffia glomerata by mercury excess in nutrient solution Ciência Rural, vol. 46, núm. 2, febrero, 2016, pp. 279-285 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33143238014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.46,Nutritional n.2, p.279-285, disorder fev, in Pfaffia2016 glomerata by mercury excess in http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141733 nutrient solution. 279 ISSN 0103-8478 BIOLOGY Nutritional disorder in Pfaffia glomerata by mercury excess in nutrient solution Desordem nutricional em Pfaffia glomerata pelo excesso de mercúrio em solução nutritiva Nicéia Spanholi CalgarotoI Fernando Teixeira NicolosoII Luciane Belmonte PereiraIII Denise CargneluttiIV Fabiane Goldschmidt AntesV Valderi Luiz DresslerI ABSTRACT significativo decréscimo nas concentrações de Cu, Zn, Fe e Mn nas plantas expostas ao Hg, mas principalmente Zn, Mn e Cu nas The mineral nutritional homeostasis in response to raízes. Por outro lado, a concentração de P aumentou em raízes different concentrations of Hg (0, 25 and 50μM) was evaluated in e parte aérea de plantas expostas a 25 e 50µM Hg, enquanto a Pfaffia glomerata plant. The exposure to the highest level of Hg concentração de Na aumentou somente nas raízes em 25 e 50µM (50µM) caused a decreasing in shoot and root fresh weights of Hg. No geral, as concentrações de nutrientes nos tecidos de P. 15.5% and 20%, respectively. Both shoot and root Hg concentrations glomerata expostas ao Hg foram significativamente diminuídas, increased linearly with increasing external Hg concentrations. Ca o que indica que o Hg pode causar alterações na homeostase concentration decreased in shoot only at 50µM Hg, whereas shoot nutricional mineral dessa espécie. K and Mg concentrations decreased at both 25 and 50µM Hg, when compared to the control. A significant decrease in Cu, Zn, Fe and Palavras-chave: Ginseng Brasileiro, homeostase nutricional, Mn concentrations in plants exposed to Hg was observed, but most macronutrientes, micronutrientes, toxicidade de Hg. Zn, Mn, and Cu in the roots. On the other hand, P concentration increased in both root and shoot of plants exposed at 25 and 50µM Hg, whereas Na concentration increased only in the root at 25 and 50µM Hg exposure. In general, tissue nutrient concentrations in P. INTRODUCTION glomerata plantlets exposed to Hg were significantly decreased, which indicates that the Hg may cause alteration on the mineral In addition to the organic compounds nutritional homeostasis of this species. produced in photosynthesis, plants require a wide Key words: Brazilian Ginseng, nutritional homeostasis, variety of mineral nutrients, which are taken up mainly macronutrients, micronutrients, Hg toxicity. from the soil solution. These nutrients are required for structural purposes and for the activity of the specific RESUMO enzymes, which regulate the cellular metabolism. A homeostase nutricional mineral em resposta a Environmental variation of mineral nutrient availability diferentes concentrações de Hg (0, 25 e 50μM) foram avaliadas em is expected to result in changes in plant growth and plantas de Pfaffia glomerata. A exposição ao mais alto nível de Hg (50µM) causou um decréscimo de 15,5% e 20%, respectivamente, development (EPSTEIN & BLOOM, 2005). na matéria fresca da parte aérea e raízes. As concentrações de Hg Plants require low levels of copper (Cu), na parte aérea e raízes aumentaram linearmente com o aumento iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), das concentrações de Hg. A concentração de Ca decresceu na molybdenum (Mo), and chloride (Cl) as micronutrients parte aérea somente em 50µM Hg, enquanto as concentrações de K e Mg na parte aérea decresceram tanto em 25 como em to participate in enzyme catalyzed reactions, whereas 50µM Hg, quando comparado ao controle. Observou-se um other heavy metals as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), IDepartamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. IIDepartamento de Biologia, UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. Corresponding author. IIIInstituto Federal de Educacão, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campo Novo do Parecis, MT, Brasil. IVUniversidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Erechim, RS, Brasil. VEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. Received 11.27.14 Approved 06.03.15 Returned by the author 09.09.15 CR-2014-1733.R1 Ciência Rural, v.46, n.2, fev, 2016. 280 Calgaroto et al. chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) serve no and macronutrients in both roots and shoots of P. know function when present in plants (EPSTEIN & glomerata plants, during a 9-day period of exposure BLOOM, 2005). Mercury is inadvertently added to to different Hg levels, grown in sand as substrate. soils in fertilizer, limestone, natural gypsum, manure (especially of marine origin), and sewage sludge and in MATERIAL AND METHODS fungicides containing Hg (PATRA et al., 2004). Mercury may inadvertently enter the food chain and pose health Plant material and growth conditions risks to humans and animals (PATRA et al., 2004). Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen Propensity for plants to accumulate and translocate Hg plantlets for tissue culture were obtained from to edible and harvested parts depends to a large extent on the Brazilian Ginseng Germplasm Program, soil and climatic factors, plant genotype and agronomic Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. management (PATRA et al., 2004). Nodal segments (1.0cm long) without leaves were The possible causal mechanisms of Hg micropropagated in MS medium (MURASHIGE toxicity in plants are changes in the permeability of the & SKOOG, 1962), supplemented with 30g L-1 of cell membrane, collapse of cortex cells and vascular sucrose, 0.1g L-1 of myo-inositol and 6g L-1 of agar system (RODRÍGUEZ et al., 2009; CARRASCO-GIL according to NICOLOSO et al. (2001). Thirty-day- et al., 2013), reaction with sulphydryl (-SH) groups old plantlets grown in vitro were transferred into (GUPTA et al., 2013), alteration of cellular oxidative pots (300mL) containing washed sand (300g). These status (ZHOU et al., 2008; CHEN & YANG, 2012) , plantlets were supplemented daily with nutrient affinity for reacting with phosphate groups and active solution containing the following composition: groups of ADP or ATP, and replacement of essential 1.218mM NH4Cl, 0.31mM MgSO4.7H2O, 1.5mM ions, mainly cations (PATRA & SHARMA, 2000). MgCl2.6H2O, 0.243mM KH2PO4, 2.438mM KCl, It has been reported that in plants, Hg can replace 2.438mM Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, 0.044mM CuSO4.5H2O, some nutrients, such as Mg, Zn, and Mn, causing a 0.197mM MnCl2.4H2O, 0.198mM ZnSO4.7H2O, reduction in chlorophyll production and inhibiting the 0.00026mM NiSO4, 0.025mM H3BO3, 0.0005mM photosynthetic electron transport chain (RUIZ et al., H2MoO4.H2O and 0.048mM FeSO4.7H2O. After 2003; PATRA et al., 2004). MORENO-JIMENEZ et al. one month of plantlet acclimation, Hg was added (2007) reported that Hg increased the concentration of to the nutrient solution as HgCl2 at concentrations Fe by more than 40% in roots of Marrubium vulgare, of 0 (control), 25 and 50μM. After nine days of Hg but the translocation of Fe was reduced. exposure, three plantlets per replicate (each treatment The genus of Pfaffia belongs to the consisted of three replicates) were randomly Amaranthaceae family and 27 species has been harvested and subsequently were carefully washed described in Brazil (CALGAROTO et al., 2010). three times with distilled water and then divided into SKREBSKY et al. (2008) showed that Pfaffia roots and shoot for evaluation of fresh biomass. Three glomerata plantlets grown hydroponically seemed independent and representative tissue samples were to have reasonable degree of Cd tolerance. used for Hg determination. Both in vitro and ex vitro CALGAROTO et al. (2010) reported that plants of cultured plantlets were grown in a growth chamber at P. glomerata growing in sand contaminated with Hg 25±1°C on a 16/8h light/dark cycle with 35μmol m-2 showed a moderate tolerance to Hg-stressed conditions s-1 of irradiance by cold fluorescent lamps. by altering its antioxidant system. In line with this and taking into account the high commercial value of Tissue Hg concentration roots of P. glomerata to the pharmaceutical industries To metal determination plantlets were (NICOLOSO et al., 2001), it is important to verify if oven-dried at 65°C to constant mass. Dried shoot Hg can alter the concentration of macronutrients and and roots (10 to 200mg) were ground and digested micronutrients in the tissues of this species. with 5mL HNO3 and 0.2mL H2O in closed Teflon There are several reporters about vessels, which were heated at 100°C for 3h in a the effects of Hg on the metabolism of plants digester block (Tecnal TE 007D). The samples (CARGNELUTTI et al., 2006; ISRAR et al., were then diluted to 50mL with high-purity water. 2006; CALGAROTO et al., 2010). However, Hg concentrations were determined using a Varian the Hg effects on the concentrations of mineral Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Spectr AA nutrients are not well known. Under this context, 600, Australia) equipped with a vapor generative the present study was designed to analyze the effect accessory (Varian VGA-76). Concentration found of Hg on the concentration of some micronutrients was expressed as μg g-1 dry weight. Ciência Rural, v.46, n.2, fev, 2016. Nutritional disorder in Pfaffia glomerata by mercury excess in nutrient solution.