NAZARENE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY A DISAPPEARING PEOPLE: THE DOCTRINE OF ELECTION AND PREDESTINATION FROM IRENAEUS TO AUGUSTINE A Thesis Submitted to the Seminary Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Mark Glen Bilby Kansas City, Missouri April 1, 2002 2 3 CONTENTS List of Abbreviations 4 Chapter 1. Introduction 8 Chapter 2. Irenaeus 25 Chapter 3. Tertullian 43 Chapter 4. Origen 66 Chapter 5. Eusebius 89 Chapter 6. Athanasius 110 Chapter 7. Ambrose 125 Chapter 8. Augustine 146 Chapter 9. Conclusions 173 Bibliography 195 4 Abbreviations for Frequently Cited Thesis Sources Note that all italics in the quotations both in the body and the footnotes of this paper are the author’s unless otherwise noted. Note also that all of the author’s quotations from the Bible follow the New Revised Standard Version ( The Holy Bible . New York: Oxford: 1989). General Sources: ACW Ancient Christian Writers , nom. 1-58. Johannes Quasten, Joseph C. Plumpe, Dennis D. McManus, et al, eds. Westminster, Maryland: Newman Bookshop, 1946; New York: Newman Press, 2000. ANF A Select Library of Ante-Nicene Fathers , reprint in 10 vols. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994. FoC Fathers of the Church , vv 1-104. Ludwig Schopp, Roy J. DeFerrari, Bernard M. Peebles, Hermigild Dressler, Thomas P. Halton, et al, eds. New York: Cima Publishing, 1947; Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2002. NPNF A Select Library of the Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church , vols. I- VIII, reprint. P. Schaff, ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1956f. Person-specific Sources: Irenaeus AH Adversus Haereses (Detection and Overthrow of the Pretended but False Gnosis , usually called Against Heresies) . English source: St. Irenaeus of Lyons Against the Heresies , trans. Dominic J. Unger, volume 1, book 1. No. 55 in ACW , New York: Paulist Press, 1992. Latin source: Adelin Rousseau, B. Hemmerdinger, L. Doutrelaeu, et Ch. Mercier, eds . Irénée de Lyon: Contre Les Hérésies , Livre IV, tome II. Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1965. DA The Demonstration of the Apostolic Teaching , also called The Proof of the Apostolic Teaching . English Source: Joseph P. Smith, Irenaeus: Proof of the Apostolic Preaching , ACW series no. 16., Westminster, Maryland: The Newman Press, 1952. Tertullian AJ Adversus Iudaeos (Against the Jews ). English source: ANF v3. Latin source: Tertulliani Opera . Pars II: Opera Montanistica. Turnholti: Typographi Brepols Editores Pontificii, 1954. AM Adversus Marcionem (Against Marcion ). English and Latin source: Ernest Evans, ed. and trans., Tertullian: Adversus Marcionem , books 1-3, Oxford: Clarendon, 1972. AN To the Nations (Ad Nationes ). English source: ANF v3. Ap Apolegeticum (Apology ). English source: Tertullian: Apologetical Works in FoC volume 10, trans. Rudolph Arbesmann, Emily Joseph Daly, and Edwin A. Quain, New York: Fathers of the Church, 1950. Latin source: Tertullian. Apology, De spectaculis , Eng trans. by T. R. Glover, with Minucius Felix, Works , Eng trans. by Gerald H. Rendall, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1966. B On Baptism (De Baptismo ). English source: ANF v3. 5 P On Repentance (De Paenitentia ). English source: ANF v3. Origen CC Contra Celsum (Against Celsus ). English source: Contra Celsum. Henry Chadwick, trans. and ed., Cambridge: University Press, 1965. Greek source: Origéne, Contre Celsem , 5 vols., introduction, texte critique, traduction et notes par Marcel Borret, Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1967-1976. CJ In Commentario Iohanni (Commentary on John ). English sources: Commentary on the Gospel according to John, Books 1-10 in FoC , volume 80, Ronald E. Heine, trans., Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1989; and Commentary on the Gospel according to John, Books 13-32 , FoC, volume 89, Ronald E. Heine, trans., Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1993. Greek source: The Commentary of Origen on S. John ’s Gospel , A. E. Brooke, ed., Cambridge: UP, 1896 (Tom. 19, 20, 28, 32). FP On First Principles (De Principiis ). English source: On First Principles . G. W. Butterworth, trans., based on Koetschau’s text of the De principiis, Gloucester, Mass.: P. Smith, 1973, c1966. Eusebius of Caesarea DG The Demonstration of the Gospel , or The Proof of the Gospel . W. J. Ferrar, ed., New York: Macmillan, 1920. EH The Ecclesiastical History . English and Greek source: Kirsopp Lake and John Ernest Leonard Oulton, translators and edd., 2 vol., Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1949, 1953. Athanasius OIV Oratio de incarnatione Verbi (On the Incarnation of the Word , part 2 of Adversam gentes duo libri ). English and Greek source: Thomson, Robert W., ed. Athanasius: Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. OCA Orationes contra Arianos (Against the Arians ). English source: NPNF s2v4. Greek source: William Bright, The Orations of St. Athanasius against the Arians , 2d ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884. OCG Oratio contra Gentes (Against the Nations , part 1 of Adversam gentes duo libri ). English and Greek source: Thomson, Robert W., ed. Athanasius: Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. Ambrose CA Cain and Abel . English source: Hexameron, Paradise, and Cain and Abel. Volume 42 in FoC , John J. Savage, trans., New York: Fathers of the Church, 1961. ET On Emperor Theodosius . English source: Funeral Orations , volume 22 in FoC , Leo P. McCauley, John J. Sullivan, Martin R. McGuire, and Roy J. DeFerrari, transs., New York: Fathers of the Church, 1953. EV On Emperor Valentinian . English source: Funeral Orations , volume 22 in FoC , Leo P. McCauley, John J. Sullivan, Martin R. McGuire, and Roy J. DeFerrari, transs., New York: Fathers of the Church, 1953. HBS On His Brother Satyrus . English source: Funeral Orations , volume 22 in FoC , Leo P. McCauley, John J. Sullivan, Martin R. McGuire, and Roy J. DeFerrari, transs., New York: Fathers of the Church, 1953. 6 HS On the Holy Spirit . English source: volume 44 of FoC , Roy J. DeFerrari, trans., Washington, DC: Catholic U of America P, 1963. Hx Hexameron . English source: Hexameron, Paradise, and Cain and Abel , Volume 42 in FoC , John J. Savage, trans., New York: Fathers of the Church, 1961. IoS Isaac, or the Soul . English source: Seven Exegetical Works . FoC vol. 65., Michael P. McHugh, trans., Washington, D.C.: Catholic U of America P, 1971. J Joseph . English source: Seven Exegetical Works , FoC vol. 65., Michael P. McHugh, trans., Washington, D.C.: Catholic U of America P, 1971. JHL Jacob and the Happy Life . English source: Seven Exegetical Works , FoC vol. 65., Michael P. McHugh, trans., Washington, D.C.: Catholic U of America P, 1971. L Letters . English source: Volume 26 in FoC . Sister Mary Melchior Beyenka, O.P., trans. New York: Fathers of the Church, 1954. M On the Mysteries . English source: volume 44 of FoC , Roy J. DeFerrari, trans., Washington, DC: Catholic U of America P, 1963. Pn De Paenitentia (On Repentance ). English source: Latin source: La Pénitence . Roger Gryson, trans., ed. Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1971. Pr Paradise . English source: Hexameron, Paradise, and Cain and Abel , Volume 42 in FoC , John J. Savage, trans., New York: Fathers of the Church, 1961. Pt The Patriarchs . English source: Seven Exegetical Works , FoC vol. 65., Michael P. McHugh, trans., Washington, D.C.: Catholic U of America P, 1971. PJD Prayer of Job and David . English source: Seven Exegetical Works . FoC vol. 65., Michael P. McHugh, trans., Washington, D.C.: Catholic U of America P, 1971. S The Sacraments . English source: volume 44 of FoC , Roy J. DeFerrari, trans., Washington, DC: Catholic U of America P, 1963. SIL The Sacrament of the Incarnation of our Lord . English source: volume 44 of FoC , Roy J. DeFerrari, trans., Washington, DC: Catholic U of America P, 1963. Augustine AAJ Against the Jews . English source: Treatises on Marriage and Other Subjects , Marie Ligouri, trans. Roy J. DeFerrari, ed. New York: Fathers of the Church, 1955. CDP On the City of God against the Pagans (De Civitate Dei contra Paganos ). English sources: The City of God . Volumes 8, 14, and 24 in FoC , Gerald G. Walsh, Demetrius B. Zema, and Daniel J. Honan, transs., introduction by Étienne Gilson, New York: Fathers of the Church, 1950-54; The City of God against the Pagans , R. W. Dyson, trans., Cambridge UP, 1998. EnP Commentaries on the Psalms (Ennarationes in Psalmos ). Cited in Eugène Portalié, A Guide to the Thought of Saint Augustine (Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1960). GFC Grace and Free Choice (De gratia et libero arbitrio) English source: John E. Rotelle, ed., and Roland J. Teske, Roland J, trans., Answer to the Pelagians, IV , New York: New City Press, 1999. GM On Genesis against the Manichaeans . Cited in Eugène Portalié, A Guide to the Thought of Saint Augustine (Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1960). 7 GP The Gift of Perseverance (De dono perseverantiae ). English source: John E. Rotelle, ed., and Roland J. Teske, Roland J, trans., Answer to the Pelagians, IV , New York: New City Press, 1999. JE Commentary on the Gospel of John (In Joannis Evangelium ). L Letters . English source: Select Letters , James Houston Baxter, trans., Loeb Classical Library series, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1930. LA De Libero Arbitrio (On the Free Will ). English and Latin source: De Libero Arbitrio: The Free Choice of the Will . Francis E. Tourscher, ed. and trans. Philadelphia: Peter Reilly Co., 1937. OJ Against Julian (Opus imperfectum contra Julianum ). Cited in Eugène Portalié, A Guide to the Thought of Saint Augustine (Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1960). PER Expositio quaraundum propositionum ex Epistola ad Romanos (Propositions from the Epistle to the Romans ). English and Latin source: Augustine on Romans: Propositions from the Epistle to the Romans and Unfinished Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans , Paula Fredriksen Landes, trans., SBL: Texts and Translations, Early Christian Literature Series 6 no.