MOVEMENT OF DESTINY / fy- ,40) Gt) Ir ' a IEW AND HERALD PUB. ASSN. Adventism in Complete Conspectus Mediating Before Judgment Bar of God.—Of all the sublime themes portrayed by Adventist Artist Harry Anderson, none is more lofty and meaningful than the frontispiece appearing op- posite this page. It depicts Christ—our ineffable Mediator-Priest— pleading our cases before the Judgment Seat of God. And this in the innermost sanctum of the sacred Command Center of all re- demptive activity, positioned in the heavenly Sanctuary above. Applies Benefits of His Atonement.—The Atoning Act of the Cross having been completed on Calvary—where Christ offered Himself as the "Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world"—He now ministers the benefits of that unutterably sacred transaction. Time and Circumstance Established.—Christ stands with nail- scarred hands before the Mercy Seat, overspreading the transcend- ent law of God. Covering cherubim gaze with ceaseless wonder at the infinite love graven forever in those sin-wrought scars. Christ's very position and solemn activity identify the time and circum- stance—today, in God's great Judgment Hour. Embraces Complete System of Truth.—But there is vastly more. That last judgment scene depicts the central, all-embracing truth of Adventism. Within it is compassed a complete system of truth— every phase of Present Truth. It forms the very foundation of our faith, the center and circumference of every saving principle and provision. Righteousness by Faith at Its Highest.—Here Righteousness by Faith centers in and emanates from Christ as "all the fulness of the Godhead bodily." Here the outreach of believing faith, as a sweet-smelling savor, rises from earth below to the throne of God in heaven above. This represents the faith of those who trust in the full salvation provided by Jesus Christ—Saviour, Ex- ample, Teacher, Prophet, Sacrifice, Priest, Judge, and coming King. That is Righteousness by Faith at its highest, broadest, and holiest. That is the goal and substance of all faith. Everlasting Gospel in Final Action.—That is the Everlasting Gospel in its final threefold-message setting and consummating action—in this awesome hour of God's Judgment, now in solemn, final session. That is Adventism in essence and total conspectus. That is the constraining theme of this volume. MOVEMENT OF DESTINY LE ROY EDWIN FROOM Emeritus Professor of Historical Theology, Andrews University Author of Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers Conditionalist Faith of Our Fathers Coming of the Comforter REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20012 lc COPYRIGHT © 1971 BY THE REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION WASHINGTON, D.C. Second Printing 1971 PRINTED IN U.S.A. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NO. 70-136291 Dedication To Esther Birch Fenton Froom, Companion of My Heart for Fifty-three Years, Helper of My Pen, and Constructive Critic of All Save the Closing Chapters of This Book in Manuscript— and Devout Believer in the Principles, Precepts, and Provisions Herein Traced—This Volume Is Affectionately Dedicated ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To the Helpers of My Pen While the writer did the researching, the finding, and the assembling of the sources—and then the writing—few books have ever had so many invaluable helping hands all the way through the project. It has really been a group endeavor. Initiated and commissioned by former General Conference President A. G. Daniells back in 1930, as the search went on it was approved by five General Conference presidents in succession, and many consultants. Its realization was made possible by the contribution of hundreds of price- less source documents from individual and institutional donors, archivists, librar- ians, and collectors, as well as by the affidavits of actual participants in the 1888 Minneapolis Conference, and rare documents from descendants of pioneers. When finally in manuscript form, it was read critically by some sixty of our ablest scholars--specialists in denominational history and Adventist theology. By experts in the Spirit of Prophecy. By key Bible teachers, editors, mass communications men, scientists, physicians. And by veteran leaders with vivid memories and extensive backgrounds. Next, magnificent constant help from special consultants concerning key chapters, sensitive sections, and problems—particularly Administrator Neal Wilson, Seminary Dean W. G. C. Murdoch, Ministerial Secretary R. A. Ander- son, Radio Veteran H. M. S. Richards, Sr., Denominational Researcher H. W. Lowe, Educator T. S. Geraty, White Publications Secretary A. L. White, Review Editor K. H. Wood—and a dozen other experts. And protected by verifiers and copy editors. Finally, the unstinted skills of Book Editor Merwin Thurber, whose constructive help was constant and invaluable. Meantime, there was a coun- seling committee of six of our headquarters leaders, without which this volume might never have seen the light of day, followed by the publishing house expertise in production. Then a greathearted Adventist physician (who remains anonymous) made possible—along with the dedicated royalty—the initial simultaneous presen- tation of 1,500 gift copies, on the day of publication, to 550 selected university, college, academy, and mission-land training school Bible teachers, along with twoscore overseas editors and fifty broadcasters around the globe—and certain other important key groups. This provision included 500 copies for the libraries of our 114 mission-land training schools, for use by our national students in training. Doubtless no volume in our history has ever had such magnificent pre- publication support. To each and all of these partners and participants, this goodly and godly company who have made the completed Movement of Destiny possible, I here inscribe my deep indebtedness. Contents Foreword 13 Preface 15 From Author to Reader 17 1. Pushing Back Our Horizons 25 Chart 1—World Mission Prologue Provides Springboard for Final Message 39-41 2. Nineteenth-Century Developments Foundational 42 3. Advances Provide Springboard for Advent Message 56 Chart 2—Progressive Development of Third Angel's Message to Con- summation 73-76 4. Quarrying the Foundation Stones of Sabbatarian Adventism 77 5. The Bible—Sole Rule of Faith and Practice 91 6. Bible Based and Spirit of Prophecy Confirmed—No. 1 107 7. Bible Based and Spirit of Prophecy Confirmed—No. 2 122 8. Underlying Reasons for Cautious Early Advances 133 9. Developments Make Confrontation Inevitable 148 10. Amplified "Atonement" Volume Hastens Confrontation 167 Pictorial Portrayals The Way of Life 184 Christ, the Way of Life 185 11. E. J. Waggoner's Actual Message at Minneapolis—No. 1 188 12. E. J. Waggoner's Actual Message at Minneapolis—No. 2 202 13. Inspired Counsels Conveyed to Conference Participants 218 14. Highlights and Afterglow of Minneapolis Meeting—No. 1 237 15. Highlights and Afterglow of Minneapolis Meeting—No. 2 253 16. Retrospective Look at Waggoner's Minneapolis Message—No. 1 269 17. Retrospective Look at Waggoner's Minneapolis Message—No. 2 281 18. "Only Begotten Son"—Neither Derived Nor Subordinate 300 19. Decade of Varied Advances Follows 1888 313 20. Constricted Concept of Atonement Belatedly Corrected 327 21. Rising Tide of 1890's Followed by Temporary Recession 343 22. Minneapolis Message and Post-1888 Leaders 357 9 10 MOVEMENT OF DESTINY 23. Resurgence Gains Momentum by 1920 375 24. Daniells' Contribution to the Resurgence 392 25. 1931 Opens New Epoch of Unity and Advance—No. 1 409 26. 1931 Opens New Epoch of Unity and Advance—No. 2 420 27. Headquarters Group Studies Mark 1930's 429 28. Testimony of Adventism's Peerless Witness—No. 1 443 29. Testimony of Adventism's Peerless Witness—No. 2 454 30. Changing the Impaired Image of Adventism 465 31. Significant Part Played by 1957 Questions on Doctrine 476 32. "Deity" and "Atonement" Attain Destined Place—No. 1 493 33. "Deity" and "Atonement" Attain Destined Place—No. 2 506 34. The Lesson of the Faltering Messenger—No. 1 __________ ____ 518 35. The Lesson of the Faltering Messenger—No. 2 529 36. Sanctuary Truth Pivotal Teaching of Adventism 541 37. Second Advent Delayed; Divine Reasons Disclosed—No. 1 561 38. Second Advent Delayed; Divine Reasons Disclosed—No. 2 _______ 583 39. Assuring Harbingers of the Coming Advance—No. 1 ____ 604 40. Assuring Harbingers of the Coming Advance—No. 2 616 41. Our Bounden Mission and Commission 629 42. His Is the Power, the Provision, and the Glory 655 APPENDIXES Appendix A—E. G. White's Report of Minneapolis Conference 673 Appendix B—A. T. Jones's Intensified Use of "Substance" _____ _ 674 Appendix C—"Deity" Substituted to Maintain Original Intent of "Di- vinity" 676 Appendix D—Conradi—Tragic End of Scoffer at "1888" Message 677 Appendix E—Charge of "Leadership Rejection" of Minneapolis Message Invalid 681 Appendix F—Calculating the Day of Pentecost in A.D. 31 686 Scripture Index 689 Subject Index 692 Biographical Briefs Anderson, R. A. 620 Miller, William 64 Andrews, J. N. 124, 511 Montgomery, Oliver 375 Bates, Joseph 81 Morrison, J. H. 243 Belden, F. E. 539 Moser-Waggoner, J. F. 258 Bell, G. H. 62 Nichol, F. D. 413 Bourdeau, A. C. 423 Olsen, 0. A. 362 Branson, W. H. 420 (606) Olson, A. V. 610 Butler, G. I. 241 Palmer, E. R. 417 Christian, L. H. _______ _____ _______ 684 Pease, N. F. 608 Clifford, F. G. 607 Preble, T. M. 81 Colcord, W. A. 428 (Preble, T. M.) 538 Conradi, L. R. 248 Prescott, W. W. 377 Crosier, 0. R. L. 79 Rebok, D. E. 622 Daniells, A. G. 392 Richards, H. M. S., Sr. 616 Eckenroth, M. K. 623 Robinson, A. T. 256 Edson, Hiram 78 Shuler, J. L. 627 Fitch, Charles 69 Smith, Uriah 157 Gates, E. H. 258 Spalding, A. W. 605 Grew, Henry 155 Stephenson, J. M. 152 Haskell, S.