2015 UK-VARSS UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance Report UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance Editor in Chief Professor S. Peter Borriello Veterinary Medicines Directorate Woodham Lane New Haw Addlestone Surrey, KT15 3LS Authors Veterinary Medicines Directorate Fraser Broadfoot Callum Harris Stacey Brown Kitty Healey Katherine Grace Hannah Reeves Animal and Plant Health Agency Chris Teale Acknowledgements This report is issued by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD). Data for the sales section are produced by the VMD. Data for the antibiotic resistance section are produced and collated by the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), the Agri-Food Biosciences Institute (AFBI), and SAC Consulting Veterinary Services (SACCVS). The veterinary antibiotic resistance and sales data monitoring programme is commissioned and funded by the VMD. Data on antibiotic consumption in poultry species were collected by the British Poultry Council and shared with the VMD for publication in this report. Contributions from the Pig Health and Welfare Council and the Cattle Health and Welfare Group were also gratefully received. We would like to thank Steve Eldridge and Elizabeth Marier of the VMD for their help and support with the publication of this report and members of the Defra Antimicrobial Resistance Coordination group (DARC), the Veterinary Products Committee and the APHA Species expert leads for their comments and advice. Citation Text and tables may be cited only with the reference to this report: UK-VARSS 2015. UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance Report. Correspondence Any correspondence relating to this report should be sent by email to: [email protected] Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. 5 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... 6 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1: Sales of Veterinary Antibiotics ............................................................................. 17 Chapter 2: Data Collection Activities to determine the level of Antibiotic Usage by Livestock Species ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter 3: EU Harmonised Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance ......................................... 31 Escherichia coli .................................................................................................................. 33 Salmonella spp. ................................................................................................................. 35 Chapter 4: Clinical Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance .................................................... 36 Mastitis Pathogens ............................................................................................................ 37 Respiratory Pathogens ...................................................................................................... 40 Other Animal Pathogens ................................................................................................... 43 Zoonotic Pathogens ........................................................................................................... 44 References ................................................................................................................................ 64 Annexes ..................................................................................................................................... 67 Annex 1: Changes in Methodology .................................................................................... 67 Annex 2: European Population Correction Unit (PCU) ...................................................... 71 Annex 3: Antibiotic Active Ingredients Authorised for Use in Animals ............................... 74 Annex 4: Antibiotic Usage Data from British Poultry Council ............................................ 76 Annex 5: Cascade Prescribing .......................................................................................... 80 Annex 6: Summary of the EU Harmonised Monitoring Requirements of 2013/652/EU..... 81 Annex 7: Sources of the bacteria to meet the EU Harmonised Monitoring Requirements of 2013/652/EU ...................................................................................................................... 82 Annex 8: Disc diffusion breakpoints, corresponding MIC breakpoints and breakpoints under review for the clinical surveillance isolates included in this report ..................................... 83 Annex 9: Comparison of 2015 ESBL results with those of previous UK surveys .............. 87 Annex 10: EU Harmonised Monitoring, results of Susceptibility testing in Salmonella...... 88 Annex 11: Clinical surveillance data for isolates from bovine mastitis cases .................... 89 Annex 12: Clinical surveillance data for isolates from respiratory infections of cattle, sheep, and pigs ............................................................................................................................. 91 Annex 13: Clinical surveillance data for isolates from respiratory infections of pigs .......... 93 Annex 14: Clinical surveillance data for isolates from respiratory infections of sheep ...... 94 Annex 15: ‘Other Veterinary Pathogens’ ........................................................................... 96 Annex 16: Clinical surveillance data for E. coli ................................................................ 100 Annex 17: Clinical surveillance data for Salmonella spp. ................................................ 115 Annex 18: Data limitations ............................................................................................... 125 Annex 19: Data sources .................................................................................................. 128 Annex 20: Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................... 129 Annex 21: Contributors .................................................................................................... 132 List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1.1: Milligrams (mg) of active ingredient of antibiotic sold for pig and/or poultry only and food producing species per Population Correction Unit (PCU) 2011-2015 ......................................... 19 Figure 1.2: Milligrams (mg) of active ingredient of “highest priority critically important antibiotics’’ sold for food producing species per Population Correction Unit (PCU) 2011-2015 .................... 20 Figure 1.3: Average annual amount in grams (g) of active ingredient of intramammary antibiotic sold per dairy cow 2011-2015 ............................................................................................................ 21 Figure 1.4: Percentage of active ingredient of antibiotic by class sold for all species in 2015 .... 23 Figure 1.5: Milligrams (mg) of active ingredient of antibiotic by class sold for food producing species per Population Correction Unit (PCU) by class in 2011-2015 ..................................................... 24 Figure 1.6: Percentage of active ingredient of antibiotic sold for all species by route of administration 2011-2015 ................................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 3.1: Percentage resistance (interpreted using EUCAST CBPs) in Escherichia coli isolates from pigs (n=150) in 2015 ........................................................................................................... 33 Figure 3.2: Resistance (interpreted using EUCAST CBPs) in Salmonella spp. from pig carcass swab samples (n=9) in 2015 ................................................................................................................ 35 Figure 4.1: Resistance and susceptibility (interpreted using BSAC CBPs) of E. coli isolates from mastitis infections of cattle, 2013-2015 ....................................................................................... 37 Figure 4.2: Resistance and susceptibility (interpreted using BSAC CBPs) of S. dysgalactiae isolates from mastitis infections of cattle, 2013-2015 ............................................................................... 38 Figure 4.3: Resistance and susceptibility (interpreted using BSAC CBPs) of S. uberis isolates from mastitis infections of cattle, 2013-2015 ....................................................................................... 38 Figure 4.4: Resistance and susceptibility (interpreted using BSAC CBPs) of S. aureus isolates from mastitis infections of cattle, 2013-2015 ....................................................................................... 39 Figure 4.5: Resistance and susceptibility (interpreted using BSAC CBPs) of P. multocida isolates from respiratory infections of cattle, 2013-2015 .......................................................................... 40 Figure 4.6: Resistance and susceptibility (interpreted using BSAC CBPs) of M. haemolytica