INDEX Abelard, see Peter Arras, Bishop of, see Lambert Accountability, see Charters, Individual, Ars dictaminis, 209, 212, 235, see Aurea Seals Gemma, Konrad of Mure Adelaide of Maurienne, queen of Augustine, bishop of Hippo, 143, 163, France, 92 175, 194, 240, 243 Adele of Champagne, queen of France, Doctrine of image, 177, 178, 179, 180, xvi, 93, pl. XVII 181, 186, 193 Administration, 43 Sign Theory, 3, 5, 63, 106, 121–123, Aimery le Viaudre of Issy, xiv, pl. XI 124, 125, 126, 127, 147, 163, 177 Alan, duke of Brittany, xv, pl. XII Authentication, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 156, Alan of Lille, 183, 184, 187, 190, 191 202, 204 Alaric II, king of the Visigoths, 76 Authenticity, 4, 12, 15–16, 27, 31, 32, 34, Alberic of Reims, 118, 119, 124, 158 35, 37, 38, 83, 98, 109, 131, 157, 201, Alienor of Braines, xi, xiv, pl. I, VIII, see 203, 205, 255 Robert of Braines Aurea Gemma, 209, 235, 236 Amiens, Authenticum, 38 Bishops of, 50, 51, 52, 90, 95, 99, 106, Authority, 31, 32–33, 38, 43, 50, 53, 54, 119, 132; see Guy, Thierry 55, 57, 60, 75, 88, 89, 109, 110, 120, Chancellors of, 119 131, 135, 137, 139, 156, 157, 199, 201, City, 249 203, 205, 221, 246, 255 Anaclet II, Pope and anti-Pope, 211, Episcopal, 96, 98, 101, 107, 141 213, 214, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, Royal, 75, 76, 81, 88, 89, 93, 94 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229 Anjou, 21, 23 Baldwin of Canterbury, see Baldwin of Counts of, see Fulk Rechin, Geoffrey Ford Anne of Kiev, queen of France, xii, Baldwin, count of Flanders, 91 pl. III Baldwin of Ford, 191 Anselm of Bec, archbishop of Baldwin, count of Hainaut, xviii, pl. XXI Canterbury, 118, 120, 124, 165, 166, Barthélémy of Joux, bishop of Laon, 167, 185 154, 197 Ansel of L’Isle-Adam, xii, pl. II Beauvais Anselm of Laon, 3, 98, 105, 118, 119, Bishop, see Peter of Dammartin 126, 154, 158, 184, 187, 196, 197, 215 City, xxii, 239, 240, pl. XXVII Anti-semitism, 217, 223, 224, 225, see Beaumont-sur-Oise Insults Counts and Countess, see Eleanor Archetype, 37, 59, 142, 147, 154–155, of Vermandois, John, Matthew I, 172, 173, 176, 180, 188, 192, 194, Matthew II, Matthew III 225, 226, 229, see Exemplar, Model, Members of the comital family, see Original, Prototype Philip Archives, medieval, 11, 12, 15, 16, 20, Bec, abbey, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, Abbots, see Anselm, Lanfranc 53, 95, 98–99 Berengar of Tours, 103, 104, 105, 106, Arenga, see Diplomatic discourse- 107, 117, 118, 119, 125, 126, 158 Preambles Bernard of Chartres, 118, 119 Aristotle, 55, 141, 179 Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux, 109, 110, Arnulf, archdeacon of Sées, bishop of 119, 149, 190, 211, 216, 217, 219, 220, Lisieux, 109, 210, 211, 212, 215, 216, 223 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, Bertrada of Montfort, countess of 226, 227, 228, 229, 230 Anjou, queen of France, 92 288 index Blois, 23 And personal accountability, 87, 131 Bonneval Aristocratic, 23, 42, 46, 59, 83-84, 88, Abbot, see Ernald 94, 110, 132–133, 140, 150, 153, Bruno of Reims, 105, 119, 120, 126 154 Brittany As objects, 14, 17, 20, 22, 43, 50–52, Dukes, 83, 90, 91; see Alan 99, 135, 137 Bulls, As proofs, 21, 22, 35, 43, 166–167, Imperial, 241 214 Papal, 42, 165, 166 As sources, 4, 11, 34–36 Burgundy Authentic, 32 Dukes, see Odo Authors of, 14, 23, 31, 39, 41, 43, 46, 49, 57, 66, 88, 134, 135, 137, 138, Cambrai, bishops of, 95, 101, 105, 119, 139, 154, 197, 201 120, 132, 154, see Gerard Copies of, xv, 15, 32, 37–38, 39, 40, City, 16, 239 41, 44, 47, 48, 49, 54, 90, 95, 98, Canterbury 104, 153, 196, 197; pl. XIII Archbishops, see Anselm of Bec, Donors in, 18, 20, 21, 134, 136, 137, Lanfranc of Bec, Richard 153 Cartularies, xv, 15, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, Episcopal, 42, 95, 96, 98, 99, 107 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 90, Forged, 31 91, 132, 201, pl. XIII In chronicles, 48 Castres, xxiii, 243, 244, 247, pl. XXX Knifes attached to, 85 Cathedral schools, see Schools and Monastic, 44 schoolmen Of franchises, 48, 243 Châlons-sur-Marne Original, 16, 32, 37–38, 40, 41, 42, 43, Bishop, see William of Champeaux 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, Chambly, see Saint-Aubin, priory 59, 90, 95, 100, 104, 106, 132, 196, Champagne, 2 197, 200 Chancellors, 3, 23, 24, 98, 103, 120, Papal, see Bulls 190, 195, see Anselm of Laon, Bruno Placed upon altars, 19, 43, 52, 85, of Reims, Gilbert of Poitiers, Peter 133-134, 196 Comestor, Peter of Blois, Peter Private or public, 88, 89, 92 Lombard, Praepositanus of Cremona, Read aloud, 19 Ralph of Laon Royal, see Diplomas Chancery, 15, 115, 116, 117, 118, 131, Symbolic objects attached to, 58, 88, 140, 150, 154, 158, 177 137 Imperial, 58, 76, 85 Subscriptions in, 76 Royal, 30, 75, 76, 78, 82, 83, 85, 86, Touched, 19 87, 90, 96 Unsealed, 57, 83, 84 Scholars, 98, 103, 105, 106, 117, Validation, 26, 53, 85, 131 119–120, 127, 147 Witnesses in, xv, xvi, 15, 18, 20–21, Seigniorial, 23–24 22, 27, 31, 38, 47, 51, 56, 87–89, See Schools and schoolmen, 126, 134–145, 137–138, 152, 167, Chancellors, Writing Bureaus 196, 203, pl. XII, XVI Charlemagne, 58, 79, 85 See Archives-medieval, Chirographs, Charles the Bald, 79, 80, 81, 85, 87, 101, Cartularies, Crosses-signatory, 238 Diplomatic discourse, Documentary Charters, xvi, xix, 9–14, 17, 18, 20, 21, practices, Laudation parentum, 22, 23, 54, 55, 76, 85, 88, 95, 97, 132, Pancartes, Vidimus 135, 136, 137, 152, 196, pl. XVIII, XIX Chartres Affinities with Holy Scripture, 99, Episcopal chancellors, see Bernard, 133, 134 Gilbert of Poitiers And material culture, 14, 31–32, 34, Châtelet, xix, pl. XXIII, see Hugh 35, 36, 37, 40, 51, 52, 60, 93, 99, 107 Aubriot.