M A R C H / A P R I L R E S O L V E D : T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S O U G H T T O G U A R A N T E E U N I V E R S A L C H I L D C A R E . 0 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – MARCH/APRIL 2021 1 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – MARCH/APRIL 2021 1 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – MARCH/APRIL 2021 2 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – MARCH/APRIL 2021 Contents TOPIC ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction & Background .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Definitions & Topicality .................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Researching The Resolution .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Implementation .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10 History of Universal Childcare ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 Who Is The Actor & Who Is Affected? ............................................................................................................................................. 15 Ground (And any potential skew…) ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Framing .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 FRAMING ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Child Care Is A Common Good ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 Childcare Should Be Viewed As A Right – Current Cost Benefit View Alienates Low Income Children ........................................... 20 Childcare Is A Human Right Rooted In International Conventions ................................................................................................. 21 Fair Equality of Opportunity Requires Universal Child Care ........................................................................................................... 22 Universal Childcare Promotes Parental Autonomy And Choice ...................................................................................................... 23 Universal Child Care Is Key To Recognition And Rights In A Democracy ......................................................................................... 24 The Kantian State Would Provide UCC – The State Must Provide Services For Those Incapable Of Maintaining Themselves, Including Children ........................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Less Government Intervention (Deregulation) Solves For Childcare – State Raises Costs And Oversteps ...................................... 28 Economic Framing Is The Best Way To Evaluate Childcare Policy .................................................................................................. 29 Debate Of UCC Should Be Grounded In A Shared Conception Of Good Society, Not Utilitarian Calculus ....................................... 30 AFFIRMATIVE EVIDENCE ............................................................................................................................................................... 31 HEALTH, COGNITIVE & DEVELOPMENT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................................................... 32 *Empirics Show Universal Childcare Improves Test Scores And Likelihood Of Passing Grades – Especially Benefits Families Most At-Risk ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 32 *Universal Pre-K Increases Student Test Scores – Particularly Of Disadvantaged Children ........................................................... 33 Early Childhood Education Programs Boost Educational Development - Reduces Criminal Activity, Boosts Earnings, And Long Term Employment .......................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Lanham Act Proves UCC Works – Children Had Better Progress Physically, Emotionally, Socially, And Mentally .......................... 36 ECONOMIC BENEFITS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 37 Access To Childcare Reduces Employee Absenteeism, Reduces Turnover, And Increases Profits ................................................... 37 UCC Increases Employment, GDP And Return On Investment - Quebec Proves ............................................................................. 38 California Empirics Prove – UCC Would Generate $2.62 For Every Dollar Invested, Resulting In Billions Of Dollars In Net Value . 39 Universal Childcare Pays For Itself - UK Empirical Estimates Prove ................................................................................................ 40 Universal Childcare Establishes Wage Floor For Underpaid Childcare Workers – NYC Proves ....................................................... 41 Policies Implemented in Georgia Shows UCC Increases Childcare Employment By Over 30% ........................................................ 42 *INCREASED INCOME MOBILITY .................................................................................................................................................................. 43 Universal Childcare Boosts Income Mobility – Empirics Prove ....................................................................................................... 43 Universal Early Childhood Education Programs Close The Income-Based Achievement Gap ......................................................... 44 Universal Childcare Allows Mothers To Enter Workforce, Increasing Wages And Boosting Family Income – Norway’s Model Proves ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 45 3 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – MARCH/APRIL 2021 Universal Pre-K Benefits Low Income Children – US Studies Prove ................................................................................................. 46 Universal Childcare Program Implemented In US Via Lanham Act Proves UCC Effective At Boosting Income Earnings ................ 47 Universal Childcare Helps Parents Work, Increasing Adult Financial Outcomes - Lanham Act Proves ........................................... 48 Existing Childcare Models Make It Too Difficult For Working Class Families To Evaluate And Afford Childcare ............................ 49 COVID-19 Uniquely Worsens Education Gap – UCC Would Allow Families To Build Up Savings .................................................... 51 *FEMINISM ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 52 UCC Is A Collective Good – Feminism Supports It As A Right, Society As A Whole Is Responsible .................................................. 52 Feminist Liberation Requires Separation From Motherhood As An Expectation For Women ........................................................ 53 UCC Policies Protect Women Who Work In The Childcare Industry – Fights Social Stigma Against Devalued Childcare Work, Promotes Safer Working Condition, And Higher Wages ................................................................................................................ 54 Intersectional Models Of Feminism Necessitate That All People Have Access to UCC – Overlapping Obstacles, Race, And Class . 56 Broad Feminist Agenda Must Prioritize UCC To Lesson Economic Inequities ................................................................................. 57 COVID-19 Has Regressed Childcare Gender Norms – UCC Models Healthier Relationships ........................................................... 58 Pandemic Is A Breaking Point – UCC Needed To Undo The “Girl Boss” Version Of Mainstream Feminism, And To Support Black And Low Income Families ..............................................................................................................................................................