CSD Working Paper Series: Towards a New Indian Model of Information and Communications Technology-Led Growth and Development COVID-19 in India: Disease Burden, Managing the second wave and Innovations ICT India Working Paper #54 Nirupam Bajpai and Manisha Wadhwa August 2021 CSD Working Paper Series - COVID-19 in India: Disease Burden, Managing the second wave and Innovations Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 COVID-19 Vaccination Drive ....................................................................................................................... 10 Challenges related to COVID-19 vaccination Drive ................................................................................. 13 Gaps in Digital Platform ...................................................................................................................... 13 Shortage of Vaccine ............................................................................................................................ 13 Vaccine Wastage ................................................................................................................................. 13 Rural Challenge ................................................................................................................................... 13 Vaccine Hesitancy ............................................................................................................................... 14 Innovative approaches to address vaccine hesitancy ............................................................................. 14 Inter-departmental Coordination ............................................................................................................... 16 Health Initiatives ..................................................................................................................................... 17 e-Sanjeevani OPD ................................................................................................................................ 17 Infectious disease diagnostic lab (I-lab) .............................................................................................. 17 Robots ................................................................................................................................................. 17 Drones ................................................................................................................................................. 18 Remote monitoring systems ............................................................................................................... 18 AI-powered tools for screening .......................................................................................................... 18 Disinfectant Tunnel ............................................................................................................................. 18 COVI-SAFE Transportation System ...................................................................................................... 19 Phone Booth Testing ........................................................................................................................... 20 IoT-Based BIN-19 ................................................................................................................................. 21 UV SPOT .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Foot-operated hand sanitation device ............................................................................................... 22 Boat Clinics .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Bus Clinics ............................................................................................................................................ 24 Promoting use of Umbrellas for physical distancing .......................................................................... 24 Corona Shield ...................................................................................................................................... 24 Low Cost PPE Kits ................................................................................................................................ 24 Innovative sprayer for sanitization ..................................................................................................... 25 Medicab .............................................................................................................................................. 26 2 CSD Working Paper Series - COVID-19 in India: Disease Burden, Managing the second wave and Innovations Mobile Applications ............................................................................................................................ 27 Agricultural Solutions .............................................................................................................................. 28 Educational Initiatives ............................................................................................................................. 30 Initiatives by Department of Police ........................................................................................................ 32 AYURAKSHA......................................................................................................................................... 34 Initiatives by Indian Railways .................................................................................................................. 34 Other innovations ................................................................................................................................... 35 Women Self-Help Groups ................................................................................................................... 35 Floating supermarket .......................................................................................................................... 35 Frugal Innovations in Kerala ................................................................................................................ 36 Antiviral Fabric .................................................................................................................................... 40 AI-based Social Distancing Tracking Device ........................................................................................ 40 Rapid paper-strip test kit .................................................................................................................... 42 Negative pressure aerosol containment box: ..................................................................................... 42 Patient Coverall ................................................................................................................................... 42 M-19 Shields........................................................................................................................................ 43 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................... 44 References .................................................................................................................................................. 46 Annexures ................................................................................................................................................... 53 Annexure 1: List of Comorbidities included under the vaccination programme ................................ 53 List of Tables Table 1: Mobile applications launched by various state governments ...................................................... 27 Table 2: Innovative Agricultural Interventions ........................................................................................... 28 Table 3: Educational Initiatives ................................................................................................................... 30 List of Figures Figure 1: Daily New Confirmed COVID-19 Cases .......................................................................................... 6 Figure 2: Second wave of COVID-19 is twice as severe as the first one ....................................................... 7 Figure 3: Decline in COVID-19 cases during second wave as steep as surge ................................................ 8 Figure 4: COVID-19 cases in India ................................................................................................................. 9 Figure 5: Rising test positivity rate in the districts of northeast ................................................................. 10 Figure 6: COVID-19 vaccination status as on July 15, 2021 ........................................................................ 12 Figure 7: Uneven distribution of Cold Chain Points .................................................................................... 14 Figure 8: Outreach Advocacy Campaign ..................................................................................................... 15 3 CSD Working Paper Series - COVID-19 in