Matthew Helmke with Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson Ubuntu UNLEASHED 2012 Edition Covering 11.10 and 12.04 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Ubuntu Unleashed 2012 Edition: Covering Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04 Editor-in Chief Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mark Taub All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, Executive Editor or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is Debra Williams assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every Cauley precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for Senior Development damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Editor ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33578-5 Chris Zahn ISBN-10: 0-672-33578-6 Managing Editor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Kristy Hart Helmke, Matthew. Ubuntu unleashed / Matthew Helmke. — 2012 ed. Project Editor p. cm. Andrew Beaster “Covering 11.10 and 12.04.” ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33578-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) Copy Editor ISBN-10: 0-672-33578-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) Keith Cline 1. Ubuntu (Electronic resource) 2. Linux. 3. Operating systems (Computers) I. Title. QA76.76.O63U36 2012 Indexer 005.4’32—dc23 Christine Karpeles 2011041953 Printed in the United States of America Proofreader First Printing: January 2012 Water Crest Trademarks Publishing All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks Technical Editors have been appropriately capitalized. Pearson Education, Inc. cannot attest to the accu- Kris Healy racy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Dustin Kirkland John Wregglesworth Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possi- Publishing ble, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as is” Coordinator basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any Kim Boedigheimer person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the CD or programs accompanying it. Multimedia Developer Bulk Sales Dan Scherf Pearson offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales. For more information, please contact: Interior Designer Gary Adair U.S. Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 Cover Designer [email protected] Gary Adair For sales outside of the U.S., please contact: International Sales Compositor +1-317-581-3793 Nonie Ratcliff [email protected] Contents at a Glance About the Authors ..................................................................... xxvii Dedication/Acknowledgements ................................................... xxviii Introduction .................................................................................. 1 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu ........................................................................... 7 2 Post-Installation Configuration ....................................................... 19 Part II Desktop Ubuntu 3 Working with Unity ...................................................................... 35 4 On the Internet ............................................................................ 53 5 Productivity Applications ............................................................... 67 6 Multimedia Applications ................................................................ 77 7 Other Ubuntu Desktops................................................................ 101 8 Games ....................................................................................... 109 Part III System Administration 9 Managing Software ...................................................................... 119 10 Command-Line Quickstart ............................................................ 133 11 Command-Line Master Class ......................................................... 165 12 Managing Users .......................................................................... 203 13 Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting ............................................. 231 14 The Boot Process ........................................................................ 275 15 System-Monitoring Tools .............................................................. 285 16 Backing Up ................................................................................ 301 17 Networking ................................................................................ 329 18 Remote Access with SSH and Telnet................................................ 373 19 Securing Your Machines ............................................................... 383 20 Performance Tuning .................................................................... 399 21 Kernel and Module Management ................................................... 411 iv Ubuntu Unleashed Part IV Ubuntu as a Server 22 File and Print ............................................................................. 433 23 Apache Web Server Management ................................................... 455 24 Other HTTP Servers ..................................................................... 485 25 Remote File Serving with FTP ........................................................ 491 26 Handling Email........................................................................... 501 27 Proxying and Reverse Proxying ...................................................... 521 28 Administering Relational Database Services...................................... 531 29 NoSQL Databases ........................................................................ 557 30 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) .................................. 567 31 Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) ............................................. 575 32 Virtualization on Ubuntu ............................................................. 583 33 Ubuntu in the Cloud ................................................................... 593 Part V Programming Linux 34 Opportunistic Development .......................................................... 623 35 Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA ............................................. 643 36 Using Perl .................................................................................. 649 37 Using PHP.................................................................................. 671 38 Using Python ............................................................................. 705 39 C/C++ Programming Tools for Ubuntu............................................ 725 40 Using Mono ............................................................................... 737 41 Using Other Popular Programming Languages.................................. 749 42 Beginning Mobile Development for Android.................................... 759 Part VI Appendices A Ubuntu Under the Hood .............................................................. 767 B Ubuntu and Linux Internet Resources ............................................. 777 Index ........................................................................................ 787 Contents v Table of Contents Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu 7 Before You Begin the Installation....................................................... 7 Researching Your Hardware Specifications ................................... 8 Installation Options ................................................................ 8 Planning Partition Strategies ................................................... 10 The Boot Loader.................................................................... 10 Installing from CD or DVD or USB Drive................................... 11 Step-by-Step Installation................................................................. 11 Installing ............................................................................. 12 First Update.......................................................................... 16 Wubi: The Easy Installer for Windows....................................... 16 Shutting Down ............................................................................. 17 References.................................................................................... 18 2 Post-Installation Configuration 19 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems ................... 19 The sudo Command ...................................................................... 21 Finding Programs and Files ............................................................. 21 Software Update ........................................................................... 22 Configuring Software Repositories.................................................... 25 System Settings............................................................................. 28 Installing Additional Drivers ................................................... 28 Detecting and Configuring a Printer ......................................... 30 Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu .............................. 30 Setting the Date and Time .....................................................