CONTENTS EDITORIAL ........................................................................................................................... 2 NOTES ................................................................................................................................. 3 MISCELLANY ....................................................................................................................... 4 POSSIBLE CASTLE SITES .................................................................................................. 6 CASTLE FROME .................................................................................................................. 9 POSSIBLE CASTLE SITE AT MILTON HOUSE, SHOBDON (SO 385 610) ......................... 9 14 CHURCH STREET, HEREFORD ................................................................................... 10 THE AUGUSTINIAN FRIARY, LUDLOW ............................................................................ 11 THE CENTRAL MARCHES HISTORIC TOWNS SURVEY ................................................. 12 EARLY RHWNG GWY A HAFREN ..................................................................................... 13 NOTES ON RECENT WORK UNDERTAKEN BY ELIZABETH TAYLOR ........................... 18 FIELD MEETING AT ABBEY CWMHIR .............................................................................. 27 NEWS FROM THE COUNTY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICE ........................................... 35 FIELD MEETING AT MUCH MARCLE, 4TH JULY, 1993 ..................................................... 37 REPORT ON FLINTS FOUND IN ORCOP AND GARWAY ETC, WHICH WERE EXAMINED BY TIM DARVILL ................................................................................................................ 40 FIELD MEETING IN THE WOLPHY HUNDRED AREA ...................................................... 43 SOME ADDITIONAL THOUGHTS ON POSSIBLE ROMAN ROADS .................................. 52 ROMAN SITE AT WESTHIDE ............................................................................................ 53 VISIT TO SOME CASTLES IN THE WYE VALLEY............................................................. 54 FIELD MEETING IN THE STRETFORD AREA ................................................................... 56 THE BRAOSE REBELLION OF 1207-10 ............................................................................ 66 SOME FURTHER SITES FROM THE LINGEN AREA ........................................................ 67 PROGRAMME SEPTEMBER 1993 – JULY 1994 ............................................................... 69 HAN 60 Page 1 HEREFORDSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS WOOLHOPE CLUB ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH SECTION No. 60 September 1993 Disclaimer The views expressed in articles represent the opinions of the writers, and not necessarily those of the Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club or the Archaeological Research Section. The accounts of field meetings are as faithful a record as possible of events and discoveries. County SMR Officer We have just heard that the County SMR Officer, Hilary White, will be leaving at the end of October to take up a new appointment as West Midland County Archaeologist. We are very sorry to see her go, but wish her all success in her new position, a promotion well deserved. She will be missed by the ARS. EDITORIAL In this issue the Miscellany Section has been split into Notes (longer items) and the remaining miscellaneous items as before, the List of Officers has been removed to the back cover. The Hereford Resource Centre is to be congratulated on their production of HAN 59, and we look forward to a fruitful future co-operation with them. We are again indebted to Mike Hemming for the address labels for the distribution of HAN 59, and to all those who delivered copies of the newsletter by hand, especially Rosamund Skelton and Frank Pexton. The editor is grateful to Beryl Harding for proof reading this issue. The county archaeological service is to be congratulated on their new production - "Hereford & Worcester Archaeology, a new quarterly. The newsletter has an attractive format and is full of up to date local archaeological events, Nos 1-5 have now been received. The editor apologises for misplacing Garway in the location map of HAN 59. The deaths of committee member Tom Jones and of John Tulluck are noted with deep regret. We were very sorry to hear of the recent serious illness of Bryan Walters of the Dean Archaeology Group, we understand that he is making progress and wish him a speedy and successful recovery. The report of the field meeting held on Sunday 20 June 1993 at Leintwardine is not yet to hand and will be held over till the next issue. It is with regret that we must say farewell to the County Archaeology Officer Malcolm Cooper and wish him every success in his new post with English Heritage. He is replaced by Malcolm Atkin from Gloucester City, and we extend to him our very best wishes. The Herefordshire Field Name Survey held a celebration party at the Education Centre, Blackfriars on Saturday 25th September to mark the completion of the first part of the project, the publication of the Parishes. The second part is continuing with the publication of additional and old field names in the Transactions. Editor Activities October will be a busy month with the Conservation Day organised by the County Record Office, at Worcester on the 2nd, the Hereford Nature Trust Exhibition at the Shire Hall, Hereford on 21st and 22nd, the main club, the Natural History section and the ARS will all have exhibits. Finally on 30th the County Archaeological Service is holding an Open Day at HAN 60 Page 2 the County Hall, Worcester, during which Jim Tonkin will speak on the buildings of the county. Annual Garden Party This was held on the evening of Saturday 17/7/93 at the home of Beryl and John Harding. The ARS is again indebted to them for allowing us to hold our function at their home, and we are fully conscious of all the hard work necessary for the preparation. The weather was good although it did become a little chilly towards the end of the evening. Before supper we all took the opportunity to admire their gardens, both the more formal part and the area set aside for Nature. As usual the food was excellent and our thanks are due to the Hardings and to all those who provided food and drink and helped with the washing up. The braver souls ate outside, while the rest of us remained indoors. The opportunity was taken to hold a very brief committee meeting. An enjoyable evening was had by the 23 members attending. PRH NOTES Little Hereford Earthworks The large outer enclosure to the castle here was probably dug by King Stephen to house his army in late November - early December 1139 and again in February 1140 when, on both occasions he used Little Hereford castle as a base for establishing the extent of support for him in Herefordshire and Shropshire. A large army in those days consisted of several hundred men rather than thousands. The references to King Stephen at Little Hereford come in J R H Weaver (ed), The Chronicle of John of Worcester, 1118-40 (1908), pp 58 & 60. HAN 59 p 6 Possible Castle Site at Kinton The manor of Kinton was held by a family called Birley of the Mortimers of Wigmore by knight’s service. In 1086 Ralphe de Mortimer had 4¼ hides at Leintwardine, 1½ of them held by a knight (unnamed) as subtenant (DB f 260). These 1½ hides were almost certainly at Kinton. The knight here was probably the knight called Richard who held 3¼ hides at Birley (near Weobley) from Mortimer at the same date and also an unnamed manor of 1½ hides in Culverstone Hundred, Shrops. (f 250b). This unnamed manor actually lay at ‘Ashford Jones’ (Ashford House on the 1962 1" OS map, but renamed Ashgrove Manor on 1985 1:50,000 map) in Ashford Carbonel. Richard was progenitor of the Birley family. In 1304 John of Birley held Pipe Aston (near Wigmore; Mortimer demesne in 1086), ‘Ashford Jones' and Kinton of Mortimer of Wigmore for 1 knight’s fee (Inquisitions post mortem, iv, no 235). HAN 59 P 33 Field Meeting at Garway Hill (1/11/92) Chantry Cottage at Garway. Duncumb (Wormelow Hundred, Lower Div., pt 1, 35) notes that a chapel of St Mary Magdalene, known as Maudlin's Chapel, formerly stood on the right hand side of the road going east from Garway church. When observed by Thomas Wakeman in 1857 only foundations remained. Apart from St Mary’s chapel there stood also in Garway a church of St Cadog. This was at Coed Lank (SO 471 219), which was Argoidlank in 1717 (F K James, "The Wye Free Fisheries Case", TWNFC (1916), 168) and Coyed Llanke in 1585 (Bannister, Place-Names of Herefordshire, 52). The last element is almost certainly (and Dr Gelling agrees with me on this) a shortened form of ‘Llangattock', a place name in Garway that occurs as ‘Lanhadock’ in 1334 (H E Glassock, The Lay Subsidy of 1334 (1975), 125). This is 'church of St Cadog’ and Coed Lank is ‘wood of Llangattock'. Bruce Coplestone-Crow HAN 60 Page 3 Two Castle Sites Suggested by the Late Frank Noble A possible ploughed out ring work at Lower Rowley (Radnorshire) SO 289 639, and a possible motte at Kington (Kington II) SO 295 569. Millhalf (SO 278 481) HAN 57 p 44, field Meeting at Brilley 5/5/91. Elizabeth Taylor has come up with some additional evidence which appears to confirm the existence of a castle site. News From The Past - West Midland Archaeology 1992 The annual one day CBA Group 8 conference was held on Saturday 27/2/93 at the University of Birmingham with the usual update of last year’s happenings