Funded by the European Union Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) in Mongolia: Enhancing Knowledge and Awareness Raising on Policies, Instruments and Practices Acknowledgement This Mongolia’s SCP Baseline Study is part of the technical support provided to the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) of Mongolia through the SWITCH-Asia SCP Facility, which is funded by the European Commission. Authors: Bayar Erdenechimeg | Bjørn Bauer Supervision and Coordination: Arab Hoballah, Loraine Gatlabayan, and Sara Gabai In close collaboration with: Ministry of Environment and Tourism Funded by: The European Commission; The SWITCH-Asia Programme © 2020 SWITCH-Asia Disclaimer: The information and contents in this Baseline Study are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ALAGC State Agency of Land Affairs, Geodesy and Cartography B2B Business to business B2C Business to consumer CSO Civil Society Organization CSR Corporate Social Responsibility EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EMS Environmental Management System EPR Extended Producer Responsibility EU European Union GASI General Agency for Specialized Investigation GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gas GIZ Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GOM Government of Mongolia ILO International Labour Organization JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MAS Mongolian Academy of Science MASM Mongolian Agency for Standardization and Metrology MBA Mongolian Bankers Association MCUD Ministry of Construction and Urban Development MECSS Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports MED Ministry of Economic Development MET Ministry of Environment and Tourism MF Ministry of Finance MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MNCCI Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry MoE Ministry of Energy MoF Ministry of Finance MoFALI Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry MoH Ministry of Health MoI Ministry of Industry i MoM Ministry of Mining MoT Ministry of Trade MPID Metropolitan Professional Inspection Department MRTD Ministry of Road and Transport Development MSFA Mongolian Sustainable Finance Association MSWL Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour MUST Mongolian University of Science and Technology NAMEM National Agency for Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring NDA National Development Agency NEMA National Emergency Management Agency NGDP National Green Development Policy of Mongolia NGO Non-Government Organization SCP Sustainable consumption and production SCPF SWITCH Asia SCP Facility SDG Sustainable Development Goal SDG Sustainable development goal SME Small and Medium size Enterprises SPP Sustainable Public Procurement UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization VABA Veterinary and Animal Breeding Agency WB World Bank group ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... I FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY..................................................................................... 2 2. METHODOLOGY OF THE BASELINE STUDY.................................................................. 7 2.1. Scope and Limitations .................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ 7 3. MAPPING OF SCP-RELATED POLICIES AND REGULATIONS IN MONGOLIA .............. 8 3.1. Key Cross-Sectoral Policy Framework .......................................................................... 8 3.1.1. The National Security Concept of Mongolia (2010-2030) ......................................... 8 3.1.2. The National Green Development Policy (2014-2030) .............................................. 8 3.1.3. Action Plan for Green Development (2016-2030) ................................................... 11 3.1.4. Vision 2050 (2020-2050) ...................................................................................... 12 3.1.5. Government Action Program (2020-2024) ............................................................. 14 3.1.6. Subnational Green Development Strategies........................................................... 15 3.2. Regulating Instruments Assisting SCP-themes ............................................................ 15 3.2.1. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources .................................................... 15 3.2.2. Waste Management ............................................................................................. 16 3.2.3. Policy Framework to the Key Production Clusters ................................................. 19 3.3. Sustainable Public Procurement ................................................................................. 27 3.4. Green Finance ............................................................................................................ 28 4. STAKEHOLDER MAPPING ............................................................................................ 31 4.1. The key stakeholder groups ........................................................................................ 31 4.1.1. Decision-makers .................................................................................................. 31 4.1.2. Relevant State Institutions ..................................................................................... 33 4.1.3. Business Sector ................................................................................................... 33 4.1.4. Educational and Research Institutions ................................................................... 34 4.1.5. Interest Groups and Intermediaries ....................................................................... 35 4.1.6. Consumers .......................................................................................................... 36 4.2. Stakeholders’ Influence and Interest ........................................................................... 40 4.3. Stakeholders’ Knowledge ........................................................................................... 42 4.4. Stakeholder Mapping ................................................................................................. 42 5. INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND AWARENESS ON SCP ........................................... 44 5.1. Change Strategy ........................................................................................................ 44 iii 5.2. Information Exchange: Digital Technology Opportunity ................................................ 45 5.3. Priority Themes for Communication ............................................................................ 46 5.4. Capacity Development of State Employees and Procurement Officers ......................... 49 5.5. Media Products .......................................................................................................... 49 5.6. Different Channels For Different Target Groups ........................................................... 51 5.7. Institutionalising Policy ................................................................................................ 53 5.8. Collaboration and Involvement .................................................................................... 53 6. INTERNATIONAL SCP GOOD PRACTICE ..................................................................... 54 6.1. Green Industry ........................................................................................................... 54 6.1.1. Eco-innovation ..................................................................................................... 54 6.1.2. Eco-labelling ......................................................................................................... 57 6.1.3. Sustainability Reporting ........................................................................................ 60 6.2. Sustainable Public Procurement ................................................................................. 61 6.3. Sustainable Tourism ................................................................................................... 70 6.3.1. A Comprehensive Strategy ................................................................................... 72 6.3.2. Stakeholder Engagement ..................................................................................... 75 6.4. Information and Awareness ........................................................................................ 79 6.4.1. Education ............................................................................................................. 79 6.4.2. Cooperation ......................................................................................................... 84 6.4.3. Campaigns ........................................................................................................... 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................