ACTA UNIVERSITATIS SZEGEDIENSIS ^VtNTIAR^ ACTA DOM AT* MINERALOGICA-PETROGRAPHICA FIELD GUIDE SERIES Volume 8 Szeged, 2010 LADISLAV A. PÁLINKÁS, SIBILA BOROJEVIC SOSTARIC, SABINA STRMIC PÁLINKÁS, MARTA CRNJAKOVIC, v ; FRANZ NEUBAUER, FERENC MOLNÁR & VLADIMIR BERMANEC * A, ii' mjK > 2 , L ¿4 £ Volcanoes in the Adriatic Sea: Permo-Triassic magmatism on the Adriatic-Dinaridic carbonate platform O) IMA2010 FIELD TRIP GUIDE HR1 Published by the Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, University of Szeged ACTA MINERALOGICA-PETROGRAPHICA established in 1923 FIELD GUIDE SERIES HU ISSN 0324-6523 HU ISSN 2061-9766 Editor-in-Chief Elemér Pál-Molnár University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Péter Árkai, György Buda, István Dódony, Tamás Fancsik, János Földessy, Szabolcs Harangi, Magdolna Hetényi, Balázs Koroknai, Tivadar M. Tóth, Gábor Papp, Mihály Pósfai, Péter Rózsa, Péter Sipos, Csaba Szabó, Sándor Szakáll, Tibor Szederkényi, István Viczián, Tibor Zelenka Guest Editor of this Volume Gábor Papp Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary E-mail: pappmin@ludens. elte.hu This volume was published for the 375th anniversary of the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. • H SmvEKrn Publication was co-sponsored by the * iP R E S S Eötvös University Press Ltd., Budapest. IMA2010 (www.ima2010.hu) is organised in the frame of the ELTE375 scientific celebration activities. IMA2010 FIELD TRIP SUBCOMMITEE Chairmen: Friedrich Koller, University of Vienna (AT) and Ferenc Molnár, Eötvös L. University, Budapest (HU) Members: Volker Höck, University of Salzburg (AT); Corina lonescu, Babe§-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca (RO); Veselin Kovachev, Sofia University "St. Kiiment Ohridski" (BG); Marek Michalik, Jagellonian University, Kraków (PL); Milan Nóvák, Masaryk University, Brno (CZ); Ladislav Palinkas, University of Zagreb (HR); Simona Skobe, University of Ljubljana (SI); Sándor Szakáll, University of Miskolc (HU); Pavel Uher, Comenius University, Bratislava (SK); Nada Vaskovié, University of Belgrade (RS) OFFICERS OF THE IMA2010 ORGANISING COMMITTEE Chairman: Tamás G. Weiszburg, Budapest, Hungary, Secretary General: Dana Pop, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Editorial Office Manager Anikó Batki University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary E-mail: hatki@geo. u-szeged, hu Editorial Address H-6701 Szeged, Hungary P.O. Box 651 E-mail: asviroda@geo. u-szeged. hu The Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica is published by the Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary © Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, University of Szeged ISBN 978-963-306-040-7 On the cover: View to a small hay on the coast of the island ofBrusnik, one of the peculiar magmatic bodies in the middle of the Adriatic carbonate platform. Photo: Ladislav Palinkas. SZTE Klebeisberg Könyvtár jjTE Klebe. ".'.rraKfior^ir; X I rsfhl £gy»tcmi Gyűjtemény ACTA J001030178 Mineralogica ACTA MINERALOGICA-PETROGRAPHICA, FIELD GUIDE SERIES, VOL. 8, PP. I-15. ÜUKLYBEN Petrographica OLVAS UAFÖ Volcanoes in the Adriatic Sea: Permo-Triassic magmatism on the Adriatic-Dinaridic carbonate platform LADISLAV A. PÁLINKÁS13*, SIBILA BOROJEVIC SOSTARIC1, SABINA STRMIC PÁLINKÁS1, MARTA CRNJAKOVIC2, FRANZ NEUBAUER3, FERENC MOLNÁR4 AND VLADIMIR BERMANEC1 1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 95, Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected], ""corresponding author 2 Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia 3 University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria 4 Department of Mineralogy, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary Table of contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1 The Adriatic carbonate platform, host of the Mid-Adriatic islands 3 1.2 Permo-Triassic rift-related magmatism in the frame of Tethyan evolution 3 2. Mainland field stops 3 2.1 Fu2ine, Gorski Kotar region: Hornblende andesite (Fuzinski Benkovac quarry) 3 2.2 Krka National Park (NP Krka) 4 3. Introduction to the archipelago field stops 5 3.1 The Mid-Adriatic islands, Jabuka, Brusnik, Vis, BiSevo and Svetac 5 3.2 Magmatism on the Mid-Adriatic islands 6 3.3 Dating 6 4. Archipelago field stops 4.1 Vis island 4.1.1 Marine lava flow on Vis island near the village of Komi2a 8 4.1.2 Augite andesite from the quarry close to St. Nicholas chapel 8 4.1.3 Augite andesite near PiStica bay 9 4.1.4 Spilite-keratophyre from the quarry close to St. Nicholas chapel 9 4.1.5 Volcanic agglomerates, lapillistones, lapilli tuffs, tuffs 9 4.1.6 Prehnite as a gemstone 10 4.2 BiSevo island 10 4.3 Brusnik island 11 4.3.1 Dolerite of Brusnik island 12 4.4 Svetac island 12 4.5 Jabuka Island 12 4.5.1 Gabbro of Jabuka island 12 5. References 13 Appendix - Itinerary for IMA 2010 HR1 Field trip 15 X 175 53 2 • LADISLAV A. PALINKAS ETAL. 1. Introduction ic elements as Outer or External Dinarides, known also as the High Karst Zone, and less tectonically disturbed parts in Istria, in the Central Adriatic, Ravni Kotari, etc. It is a part of The Mesozoic Adriatic-Dinaric carbonatc platform, a unique the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt with complex evolution geological formation, stretches along the present Adriatic of the passive Gondwana continental margins, whose forma- coast. It consists of autochtonous and allochtonous geotecton- tion can be traced from the Carboniferous to the termination 100 km Adriatic Carbor units with Dalmatia-Hercegovina 35 zone; South Alpine; Transdanubian range Margin slope-to-basinal sequences; Slovenian Trough; Bosnian and Durmitor flysch I Dinaridic Ophiolite Nappe (DON) with outcropping L5jJ ophiolite massifs u Sava Nappe (SN); Pannonian Nappe (PN) comprising Sana-Una (SUN) and Drina-Ivanjica ^H Nappe (DIN); East-Bosnia Durmitor Nappe (DN) with Mid-Bosnian Schists Mts. (MB) |a Vardar Zone (VZ) with (a) outcropping ophiolite massifs and (b) granodiorite intrusions Igt^l Tisia units (a) covered by Neogene-Quaternary deposits and (b) exposed on the surface Fig. 1. Geological sketch of the Dinarides and their major geotectonic units with the schematic route of the field trip from Zagreb to Split and to the Mid- Adriatic islands. • 2 VOLCANOES IN THE ADRIATIC SEA • in the Paleogene, and then distraction during uplift in the 1.2 Permo-Triassic rift-related magmatism in the Neogene. Interesting phenomena of karst geomorphology, frame of Tethyan evolution used in the international karst terminology, owe their names to the local toponyms, such as "doline" and "polje". Even the Permo-Triassic rift-related magmatism in the Dinarides pro- term "karst" came from "kras" or "kr5", meaning "rough" or duced a gabbro-diorite-syenite-granite formation and an extru- "rugged". The lovely landscape of the Adriatic coast owes its sive basalt-andesite-dacite formation with abundant pyroclas- appearance to the white carbonate rocks shaped by neotecton- tic rocks (Pamic & Balen, 2005). The volcanic and pyroclas- ics and karst weathering. However, the focus of the field trip tic rocks are interlayered with fossiliferous sediments from the is not the carbonate platform itself, and its unique character- Late Permian to the Middle Norian, while the plutonic rocks, istics. The field trip will pay attention to the unusual islands, that intruded the Late Paleozoic and Scythian-Anisian sedi- Vis, Jabuka and Brusnik, built exclusively or partly of ments, have radiometric ages ranging between 262 and 212 igneous rocks, intrusives and volcanics with puzzling position Ma. Based on major and trace element content, the Permo- in the Mid-Adriatic Sea, within the platform sedimentary Triassic magmatic rocks originated by fractionation from units. The unique carbonate deposition in the Adriatic carbon- primitive alkaline basalt to olivine tholeiite melts. Volcanic ate platform, which reached sediment thickness of 8000 m in rocks are affected by hydrothermal alteration due to the sea the Outer Dinarides, incorporated strange igneous formations water/rock interaction. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.703 and al80 (Fig. 1, Crnjakovic, 1998). It raises the question: Why and of 5.6%o in the most primitive rocks indicate upper mantle ori- when volcanoes disturbed the quiet environment of shallow gin. Crustal contamination is indicated by the distribution of waters on the carbonate platform? initial 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.704-0.707. Wide range of igneous rocks of Permian to the uppermost Triassic age shows evolution from the early intra-continental rifting to the 1.1 The Adriatic carbonate platform, host of the advanced rifting and oceanization. While the Inner Dinarides Mid-Adriatic islands experienced progressive rifting, followed by magmatic parox- ysm in the Middle Triassic and oceanization in Jurassic The name Adriatic plate is defined as an area occupied by (Palinkas et al., 2008), a huge carbonate megaplatform, rest- the Adriatic Sea and by the surrounding Periadriatic moun- ing as a part of Gondwana land and then separated from it, tain belts (Apennines, Alps, Dinarides and Hellenides), com- experienced disintegration, as a result of extensional tectonics monly interpreted as the deformed margin of the Adriatic in the Late Triassic/Early Jurassic time (Vlahovic et al., 2005). plate itself (Fig. I). The geotectonic position of the islands is Permo-Triassic igneous rocks of the Dinarides represent a spe- tightly connected with the destiny of the Adriatic plate, a cific and autonomous palaeorift-related association (Pamic & promontory of the African craton (D'Argenio et al., 1980). Balen, 2005) and do not have equivalents in the recent oceans, The Mesozoic and Cenozoic