Early Islamic Civilization A Multicultural Empire Muslim Society Introduction The region of the world that was ruled by the first Leadership of a people was often passed from As Muslims came into contact with other Islam is a religion that governs many aspects of Muslim leaders is now known as the Early Islamic father to son and, in this way, power stayed cultures, they brought back items of value life for its followers, who are known as Muslims. It Empire. The empire changed and was split up over within a family for several years. This system of such as silk, spices, porcelain and textiles from was founded by the prophet Muhammad, who time as lands were conquered or lost. Within the leadership is called a dynasty. China and the Far East. They traded these lived from 570 to 632CE. Islam spread quickly growing Islamic world, there were many separate Muslim rulers introduced their Islamic beliefs goods with Europe in the west. Muslim from its beginnings in Arabia. Muslim rulers took regions with people with different cultures, when they conquered other lands and cities. The scholars translated Ancient Greek and Latin over many lands throughout the Middle East, Asia languages and beliefs, but their leaders all rulers needed places to worship so they built manuscripts into Arabic, then built upon what and North Africa. followed the religion of Islam. mosques, and they constructed other buildings they learned to create many new advances in to support their government and ways of life. science, medicine and art. These buildings included palaces, communal Golden Age achievements baths, bazaars - which are marketplaces - and houses of learning. Many people in the conquered lands also took up the Islamic faith. The early Islamic Empire began in the desert region of Arabia and spread out to reach parts Maths Literature Botany Art and textiles Astronomy of present-day Spain, India, Russia and Morocco. (study of plants) Muslim conquest of Mecca 630CE Mongolian Empire Birth of Religion of Islam Death of Muhammad Baghdad founded conquers Baghdad Muhammad begins 632CE 750CE 570CE 610CE 1258CE Islamic Empire expands to Islamic Empire enters a period of scientific and Middle East and Spain artistic achievement: The Golden Age of Islam 633CE – 750CE 750CE – 1258CE Early Islamic Civilization Significant People and Places The Empire Grows Islam in Spain al-Khwarizmi. Mathematician and scientist, known as ”Father of Algebra.” When Muhammad was 40, he began to receive and Al-Andalus is the Arab name for the Islamic Empire pass on messages that he believed were the word of that existed in parts of present-day Spain and Baghdad. A city built in 750CE by the Abbasid Caliphate. Allah, an Arabic word for “the god”. Islam grew first Portugal. Islamic rulers, called the Umayyad family, among a small group of his family and friends, but held power in the region from 717 to 1492CE. Córdoba. A city in Spain occupied at the height of the Islamic Civilization. had become the main religion of Arabia by 632CE. That year, Muhammad became ill and died. The court of the Umayyad rulers attracted scholars in science, maths, medicine, farming and the arts. Ibn Sina. Doctor, author of an encyclopaedia of medicine was used for hundreds of years. Abu Bakr succeeded Muhammad as leader of the Wise men of all faiths gathered in Córdoba to gain Islam faith. He was the first of the four ”Rightly and share knowledge. From here Islamic learning Mecca. Birthplace of Muhammad and centre of the Muslim world. Guided” caliphs. spread to Europe. In 961CE, more than 500,000 Muhammad. Prophet, leader and founder of Islam. The Umayyad caliphate took control after the fourth people lived in the city. ”Rightly Guided” caliphs was killed. The empire Omar Khayyam. Famous poet and scientist. expanded into North Africa, Spain and Central Asia. The Umayyads stayed in power for almost 100 years. The Silk Road. A ancient network of trade routes that linked the regions of the ancient world. In 749 people took power from the Umayyads because they felt the Umayyads were unfair. Islamic Empire Ziryab. Arabic for ”blackbird.” A musician who influenced early Islamic culture. The Abbasids became the rulers and promised 1. Expansion under the Prophet Muhammad, 622-632 equality for all Muslims. They supported the arts 2. Expansion during the Patriarchal Caliphate, 632-661 Vocabulary and sciences. They ruled for more than 500 years. 3. Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661-750 Astronomy The scientific study of space and the universe Caliph Spiritual leader of Islam, former Muslim rulers of Baghdad Caliphate The land ruled by a caliph Calligraphy The art of writing beautifully Córdoba Civilization A human society with its own social organisation and culture Commodity Something of use, or value, that can be sold 3 Conquer When one country or group takes complete control of another land Baghdad Diverse Wide-ranging, different 2 Empire A large area made up of different societies all ruled by one leader Fasils A defensive field 1 Mosque A building where Muslims go to worship Ornate Heavily decorated Prosperity When a person or community is successfully wealthy Scholar A person who has excellent knowledge of a subject.