Concordia Seminary - Saint Louis Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Concordia Seminary Scholarship 5-21-2021 Jesus In, With, And Under the Spirit: The Spirit's Presence and Activity in Christ in the Sacrament of the Altar Brian A. Gauthier [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.csl.edu/phd Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, History of Christianity Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, and the Practical Theology Commons Recommended Citation Gauthier, Brian A., "Jesus In, With, And Under the Spirit: The Spirit's Presence and Activity in Christ in the Sacrament of the Altar" (2021). Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation. 92. https://scholar.csl.edu/phd/92 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Concordia Seminary Scholarship at Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JESUS IN, WITH, AND UNDER THE SPIRIT: THE SPIRIT’S PRESENCE AND ACTIVITY IN CHRIST IN THE SACRAMENT OF THE ALTAR A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Department of Systematic Theology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Brian Andrew Gauthier April, 2021 Approved by: Dr. Leopoldo A. Sánchez M. Dissertation Advisor Dr. David R. Maxwell Reader Dr. Bruce G. Schuchard Reader © 2021 by Brian Andrew Gauthier. All rights reserved. ii I dedicate this work to my beloved bride, Amanda, and my beautiful children, Ezra Joel and Aviva Eliana. May the Holy Spirit ever fix your eyes and hearts on the one who receives, bears and gives the Spirit to you, Jesus, the Son of God. iii CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS ....................................................................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... x ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 PROBLEM AND BACKGROUND ..................................................................................... 3 The Current State of Lutheran Pneumatology ............................................................. 3 The Current State of the Lutheran Theology of the Lord’s Supper ........................... 15 THE THESIS ...................................................................................................................... 26 PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 27 External and Internal Purposes .................................................................................. 28 Spirit Christology as a Way Through ............................................................... 34 Through the Eyes of John ................................................................................. 36 Outline of the Dissertation ................................................................................ 39 Expected Outcomes .......................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................... 42 JESUS ‘IN, WITH AND UNDER’ THE SPIRIT: SPIRIT CHRISTOLOGY TODAY .... 42 INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS ..................................................................................... 42 THIRD ARTICLE THEOLOGY........................................................................................ 42 Definition and Current Work in Contemporary Theology ........................................ 43 Usefulness as Methodology ....................................................................................... 45 iv SPIRIT CHRISTOLOGY ................................................................................................... 54 The Problem of a Non-Trinitarian Spirit Christology ............................................... 62 The Promise of a Trinitarian Spirit Christology ........................................................ 67 SPIRIT CHRISTOLOGY IN LUTHERAN THEOLOGY ................................................ 74 Jesus as Receiver and Bearer of the Spirit ................................................................. 74 Reflection on Spirit Christology for Christology Itself .................................... 76 Reflection on Spirit Christology for Sanctification .......................................... 84 Jesus as Giver of the Spirit ........................................................................................ 86 JESUS ‘IN, WITH AND UNDER’ THE SPIRIT: INTRODUCING SPIRIT CHRISTOLOGY AS A FRAMEWORK FROM REFLECTION ON SACRAMENTAL THEOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 87 The Soteriological Element ....................................................................................... 88 The Christological Element ....................................................................................... 88 The Ethical Element .................................................................................................. 89 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 90 CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... 91 LOCATING THE SPIRIT ‘IN, WITH, AND UNDER’ THE WORD .............................. 91 INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS ..................................................................................... 91 INCARNATIONAL PNEUMATOLOGY ......................................................................... 92 Basil and Nicene Pneumatology ................................................................................ 92 Eugene Rogers Jr. and the ‘Materiality of the Spirit’ ................................................ 96 Regin Prenter on Luther and the Incarnational Materiality of the Spirit ................ 109 SACRAMENTAL PNEUMATOLOGY .......................................................................... 114 THE SPIRIT AND JESUS’S WORDS ACCORDING TO THE GOSPEL OF JOHN ... 118 v SPIRIT CHRISTOLOGY READING OF CHRIST SPEAKING IN THE SPIRIT IN THE SUPPER ............................................................................................................................ 128 CHAPTER FOUR ...................................................................................................................... 136 SEEING THE SPIRIT ‘IN, WITH, AND UNDER’ CHRIST’S OWN PRESENCE ...... 136 INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS ................................................................................... 136 REFORMED CHRISTOLOGY AND THE LORD’S SUPPER ...................................... 140 Reformed and Lutheran Christology at Odds .......................................................... 140 The Reformed Self-Critique on Christology ........................................................... 145 LUTHERAN CHRISTOLOGY AND THE LORD’S SUPPER VIA THE EASTERN TRADITION ..................................................................................................................... 152 Reflecting on Eastern Christology ........................................................................... 152 Alexandrian Logos-flesh Christology ............................................................ 153 Antiochene Logos-man Christology ............................................................... 155 Mining for Pneumatic Aspects of Cyril and Theodore’s Christologies .................. 158 Alexandrian Christology and the Lord’s Supper in the Book of Concord ............... 169 The Necessity of Maintaining the Genus Maiestaticum .......................................... 171 LUTHERAN CHRISTOLOGY AND THE LORD’S SUPPER VIA THE WESTERN TRADITION ..................................................................................................................... 179 Genus Pneumatikon and the Discontinuity Between the Spirit in Christ and Christians ................................................................................................................................. 186 Genus Pneumatikon and the Continuity Between the Spirit in Christ and Christians ................................................................................................................................. 188 ANOTHER PARACLETE ACCORDING TO THE GOSPEL OF JOHN ....................... 190 SPIRIT CHRISTOLOGY READING OF THE SPIRIT’S PRESENCE IN CHRIST IN THE SUPPER ................................................................................................................... 194 CHAPTER FIVE ....................................................................................................................... 201 vi SHAPED