Peter Lombard on Titus and Philemon: Tracing patterns in Parisian manuscripts made before c. 1250 Nina Katherine Baker School of Histories and Humanities Department of History of Art and Architecture Thesis submitted for the degree of Master in Letters Trinity College Dublin Supervisor: Dr. Laura Cleaver Head of School: Dr. Christine Morris 2019 Declaration I declare that this thesis has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other university and it is entirely my own work. I agree to deposit this thesis in the University’s open access institutional repository or allow the library to do so on my behalf, subject to Irish Copyright Legislation and Trinity College Library conditions of use and acknowledgement. _____________________ Nina Katherine Baker i Summary In this thesis it is argued that the various stylistic elements of a selection of manuscripts containing Peter Lombard’s Collectanea demonstrate changes in reading practices in thirteenth-century Paris. The six manuscripts at the core of the study were chosen primarily due to the lack of existing scholarship associated with them. The one exception to this is the two-volume copy of Lombard’s text; Bibliothèque nationale de France MSS Latin 14266 and 14267 which has been studied before due to the large number of fine decorated initials contained therein. This thesis provides an overview of the six manuscripts, their physical form as well as their content, in order to understand how Lombard’s text was used in the thirteenth century. This overview demonstrates that the design of the layout of the text became largely standardised in thirteenth-century copies, and explores the choices made in this process. The analysis includes surveys of the textual and decorative elements included in the six manuscripts. To support the analysis of text, a collation of the commentary to Titus and Philemon has been created (this is included in an appendix). The collation is based on one of the core manuscripts, Bibliothèque nationale de France MS 14267 and illustrates that the text remained remarkably standard into the thirteenth century. The main differences are in the abbreviations used, but overall the text is the same in all six manuscripts. This in itself is interesting as it is an indication that the original text was copied with a remarkable degree of consistency. Another element of the textual analysis revolves around the marginal rubrics, which unlike the main text vary considerably in the later copies. For this portion of the research, three early copies of Lombard’s commentary, which were made c. 1160 – c. 1180, are added to the study in order to attempt to trace the rubrics back to the original version of Lombard’s text. The rubrics, as they appear in the six manuscripts as well as three earlier copies of Lombard’s text, are organised into two tables for each epistle. The first table organises the manuscripts by their respective dates of production and the placement of the rubrics within Titus and Philemon is illustrated. The first table for Titus and Philemon demonstrate that the twelfth-century copies of the commentary include the greatest number of marginal rubrics while the number decreased in the thirteenth century. The second table for each epistle illustrates the content of the rubrics which then provides the opportunity to understand the sources from which Lombard borrowed. These tables along with the collated text add new findings to the current scholarship on Peter Lombard’s commentary to the Pauline Epistles. The final portion of the research project involves an overview of the decorative elements of the manuscripts. The level of decoration varies greatly in each manuscript and this provides insight into the patrons and makers of these books. As part of this comparison it was necessary to compare the decoration in contemporary Bibles and other manuscripts in order to trace trends in decoration used in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In summary, this thesis provides a multidisciplinary analysis of different copies of Peter Lombard’s commentary to Titus and Philemon from the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. It argues that detailed analysis of later copies of the Collectanea can provide insights into shifting attitudes to this text, and therefore to biblical study in the emerging university at Paris in the thirteenth century. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my parents for their support and encouragement throughout my studies. I would also like to thank my brothers and my entire family for being my greatest supporters. Dáire O’Driscoll has accompanied me through the writing of this thesis and I am extremely grateful for his kindness, advice and understanding throughout the process. I would also like to thank the entire O’Driscoll family as well as my close friends for their unfaltering kindness and support. I acknowledge the advice provided to me by Dr Cleaver. iii Table of Contents Declaration .............................................................................................................................................................. i Summary................................................................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................... iii List of Illustrations.................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Peter Lombard and the origins of the Collectanea ........................................................................................... 17 The Existing Scholarship ................................................................................................................................. 21 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter One: Understanding Provenance ............................................................................................................. 33 Manuscripts from St. Victor ............................................................................................................................. 34 Mazarine MS 266 ............................................................................................................................................. 40 Other Parisian Manuscripts .............................................................................................................................. 41 Troyes MS 175 ................................................................................................................................................. 43 Dole MS 27 ...................................................................................................................................................... 44 Angers MS 69 .................................................................................................................................................. 46 Chapter Two: The Design of the Manuscripts ...................................................................................................... 49 Angers MS 69 .................................................................................................................................................. 50 BnF MS Latin 14267 ........................................................................................................................................ 52 Troyes MS 175 ................................................................................................................................................. 55 Dole MS 27 ...................................................................................................................................................... 57 Mazarine MS 266 ............................................................................................................................................. 58 Mazarine MS 264 ............................................................................................................................................. 59 Chapter Three: The Text ....................................................................................................................................... 62 The Earliest Manuscripts .................................................................................................................................. 62 Admont MS 52 ................................................................................................................................................. 62 CCCC MS 52 ................................................................................................................................................... 66 BnF MS Latin 17246 ........................................................................................................................................ 67 Vat. Lat. 144 ..................................................................................................................................................... 67 The Parisian Group .........................................................................................................................................