I C D D R , B : C E N T R E F O R H E A L T H A N D P O P U L A T I O N R E S E A R C H A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 1 Annual Report 2001 Mission Statement The fundamental mission of the Centre is to develop and disseminate solutions to major health and population problems facing the world, with emphasis on simple and cost-effective methods of prevention and management Available online http://www.icddrb.org I C D D R , B : C E N T R E F O R H E A L T H A N D P O P U L A T I O N R E S E A R C H A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 1 Chief Editor David A. Sack [email protected] Managing Editor M. Shamsul Islam Khan [email protected] Editors M.A. Rahim M. Shamsul Islam Khan Peter Thorpe Cover Design, Page Lay-out and Desktop Processing Asem Ansari Photographs Asem Ansari Fakrul Alam Printing and Publication Asem Ansari M.A. Rahim Talut Solaiman Secretarial Assistance M. Al Mamun M. Mahfuzul Hassan Scanning and Pre-print Processing Dot Net Limited Printed at Print Link Printers © 2002 ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research May 2002 ISBN 984-551-240-2 Publisher ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh Phone: (880-2) 881 1751-60 Fax: (880-2) 882 3116, 882 6050, and 881 1686 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.icddrb.org ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research publishes a journal, two newsletters, scientific reports, monographs, working papers, and special publications on subjects relating to diarrhoeal diseases, population, reproductive health, and nutrition. Details of some of these publications may be found in the section ICDDR,B Publications 2001 of this report. The cover photograph depicts a memorable moment of 2001: Ms Melinda Gates of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation presenting the first ever Gates Award for Global Health to Prof. Marian Jacobs, Chairperson of the Board of Trustees and Prof. David Sack, Director of ICDDR,B in the Award Ceremony held in Washington, DC on 31 May 2001 I C D D R , B : C E N T R E F O R H E A L T H A N D P O P U L A T I O N R E S E A R C H A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 1 Preface This twenty-third Annual Report of the Centre documents many aspects of the activities during 2001, including research, support for research, health services, training, dissemination, and administration. Those who are regular readers of our annual report may observe a notable change in the style of presentation of material this year. Instead of describing the completed and ongoing research protocols with names of investigators, donors, and collaborating institutions as was done for the last several years, important findings have been presented this year as stories under the six research programmes of the Centre. However, a list of ‘ongoing protocols’ that contains all protocols (completed or incomplete during 2001) with the names of principal investigators and funding agencies has also been included separately to identify and recognize the scientists’ involvement in their work. Scientific papers, abstracts, and other documents produced and published by the Centre’s staff are also listed in the report. Many of the research works included here were initiated in previous years and hence documented in ear- lier reports. The studies that were completed during 2001 presented the final results. Some of the studies initiated earlier are still ongoing. Preliminary find- ings from these studies are reported in this document. If you have any comments on this report or would like to have more informa- tion about the Centre or the works described here, please write to the Centre at the address given on the opposite page. I C D D R , B : C E N T R E F O R H E A L T H A N D P O P U L A T I O N R E S E A R C H A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 1 Preface The Centre Over the Years Board of Trustees 2001 Director’s Report 9 Achievements Child Health 21 Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) 22 Child Health Promotion 23 Child Development 24 Reproductive Health 26 Toward Safer Motherhood 27 Measuring the Unmet Need for Specialized Obstetric Services 29 Reaching Men for Vasectomy Operation 33 Nutrition 36 Micronutrient Interventions 38 Low Birth-weight Initiative 39 Moderate Malnutrition 42 Severe Malnutrition 42 Operations Research Management and Capacity Development 43 Exclusive Breast-feeding 43 Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Sciences 44 Enteric Diseases 46 Diarrhoea 46 Shigellosis 53 Helicobacter pylori infection 56 Amoebiasis 57 Empiric Therapy for Severely-malnourished Children 58 Acute Respiratory Infections 58 Tuberculosis 59 Dengue 60 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 61 Visceral Leishmaniasis 63 Health and Family Planning Systems 65 Community Involves Itself in Delivery of ESP 66 Costing and Financing of Service Provision 68 I C D D R , B : C E N T R E F O R H E A L T H A N D P O P U L A T I O N R E S E A R C H A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 1 The Community’s Voice is Heard in Health Management 71 Caesarian Sections in Rural Bangladesh 73 Population Sciences 75 Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems 76 Family Planning Services Limit Abortion 78 Ageing and the Aged in Bangladesh 80 Risk of Child Mortality Due to Drowning 82 Family Size and Education in Matlab 83 Treating Sick Children in Rural Bangladesh 84 Population-based Data for Programme Improvement at Local Level 84 Ongoing Protocols 86 Policy and Planning 96 Strategic Plan 96 Scientific Forum 98 Training and Information Dissemination 100 Training and Education Unit 100 Dissemination and Information Services Centre 104 Computer Information Services Unit 107 Organizational Structure Clinical Sciences Division 109 Health Systems and Infectious Diseases Division 116 Laboratory Sciences Division 119 Public Health Sciences Division 128 Information Sciences Division 135 Director’s Division 138 Human Resources Department 139 Finance Department 140 Administrative Services 145 Committees 149 External Relations and Institutional Development Office 151 Staff Development 158 Institutional Collaboration 159 List of ICDDR,B Publications 2001 161 I C D D R , B : C E N T R E F O R H E A L T H A N D P O P U L A T I O N R E S E A R C H A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 1 The Centre Over the Years... 1960 Cholera Research Laboratory established 1963 Matlab field station started 1966 Demographic Surveillance System established 1968 First successful clinical trials of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) 1969 Relationship between stopping breast-feeding and resumption of menstruation demonstrated 1971 Independence of Bangladesh 1973 Shift from Classical to El Tor cholera identified 1977 Maternal Child Health and Family Planning interventions began in Matlab 1978 Government of Bangladesh Ordinance establishing ICDDR,B signed 1981 Urban Volunteer Programme initiated 1982 Field-testing of cereal Oral Rehydration Solution began MCH-FP Extension project began 1983 Epidemic Control Preparedness Programme initiated 1984 ICDDR,B received UNICEF’s Maurice Pate Award 1985 Full Expanded Programme of Immunization activities tested in Matlab. WC/BS cholera vaccine trial launched 1987 ICDDR,B received USAID’s Science and Technology for Development Award 1988 Treatment of, and research into, Acute Respiratory Infection began 1989 The Matlab record-keeping system, specially adapted for Government use, extended to the national family planning programme 1993 New Vibrio cholerae 0139 Bengal identified and characterized 1994 Twenty fifth anniversary of ORS celebrated. ICDDR,B epidemic response team goes to Goma to assist cholera-stricken Rwandan refugees, identifies pathogens, and helps reduce mortality from as high as 48.7% to < 1% 1995 Maternal immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine shown to be likely to protect infants up to 22 weeks 1996 Hon’ble Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina terms The Cholera Hospital as the best diarrhoeal disease hospital in the world 1998 ICDDR,B celebrates its 20th year of existence ICDDR,B initiates national HIV surveillance in cooperation with MoHFW 1999 Hon’ble Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina opens the week-long festivity to mark the 20th anni- versary of internationalization of ICDDR,B and calls upon all to support the Centre Protocolized management of severely malnourished child published in Lancet 2000 ICDDR,B assists GOB with control of major dengue epidemic in Bangladesh The Centre launches theme-based programmes of six major initiatives 2001 ICDDR,B receives the first ever Gates Award for Global Health I C D D R , B : C E N T R E F O R H E A L T H A N D P O P U L A T I O N R E S E A R C H A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 1 Board of Trustees 2001 Chairperson: Prof. Marian E. Jacobs (South Africa) Member-Secretary: Prof. David A. Sack (as Director, ICDDR,B) Members Mr.