Konkurrenceforholdene på betalingskortmarkedet 2002 2002 2 Konkurrenceforholdene på betalingskortmarkedet 2002 1 RESUME OG VURDERING ………. .............................................................................10 1.1 INDLEDNING......................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 STATUS FOR DE 4 FORUDSÆTNINGER............................................................................... 10 1.3 ANDRE BARRIERER FOR KONKURRENCE ............................................................................ 15 1.4 GENEREL KONKURRENCEVURDERING................................................................................. 17 1.5 KAN PENGEINSTITUTTERNE FÅ GEBYRINDTÆGTER AF DETAILHANDELEN VED EN FASTHOLDELSE AF § 14 ?.............................................................................................................. 20 1.6. CHIP ......................................................................................................................................... 20 1.7 FORHOLDENE I ANDRE LANDE .............................................................................................. 23 1.8 REGULERING I ANDRE LANDE ............................................................................................... 25 1.9 KONKLUSION........................................................................................................................... 26 2 HVORDAN FUNGERER B ETALINGSKORT?..........................................................28 2.1 RAPPORTENS BAGGRUND.................................................................................................... 28 2.2 HVAD ER ET BETALINGSKORT ?.......................................................................................... 30 2.3 OPBYGNINGEN AF BETALINGSKORTMARKEDET ................................................................. 35 2.4 GEBYRER PÅ MARKEDET FOR BETALINGSKORT .............................................................. 42 3 DET DANSKE BETALINGSKORTMARKED ............................................................46 3.1 UDBREDELSEN AF BETALINGSKORT .................................................................................. 46 3.2 MARKEDET FOR BETALINGSKORT ..................................................................................... 49 3.2.1 Kortudstedere ............................................................................................................. 51 3.2.2 Licenser til betalingskort .......................................................................................... 52 3.2.3 Markedet for indløsning........................................................................................... 55 3.2.4 Indløsningen i den fysiske handel.......................................................................... 56 3.2.5 Indløsningen af i kortbetalinger ved fjernsalg ...................................................... 59 3.2.6 Infrastruktur................................................................................................................ 62 3.2.7 Den danske betalingsinfrastruktur i tal................................................................... 64 3.3 PRISER OG GEBYR I DEN DANSKE BETALINGSINFRASTRUKTUR .................................... 66 3.3.1 Kortholders betaling til udsteder............................................................................ 66 3.3.2 Kortindløsers gebyrer over for handelen og kortudstederne.............................. 68 3.3.3 Tilsyn med priser og gebyrer................................................................................... 73 4 KORTMARKEDER I ANDRE LANDE..........................................................................77 4.1 NATIONALE MARKEDER...................................................................................................... 77 4.2 DE INTERNATIONALE KORTSELSKABER........................................................................... 78 4.3 STATISTIK FOR UDVIKLINGEN I LANDENE........................................................................ 80 4.3.1 Udbredelsen af betalingskort ................................................................................... 81 4.3.2 Anvendelsen af betalingskort .................................................................................. 84 4.4 UDSTEDELSEN AF BETALINGSKORT .................................................................................. 88 4.4.1 De internationale kort................................................................................................ 89 4.5 INDLØSNING AF BETALINGSKORT ...................................................................................... 92 4.5.1 Indløsere...................................................................................................................... 94 4.5.2 Forretningerne............................................................................................................ 96 4.6 INFRASTRUKTUR OG DATABEHANDLING.......................................................................... 97 5 PRISER OG BETINGELSER I ANDRE LANDE..................................................... 101 3 5.1 VISA INTERNATIONALS SAGER FOR EU-KOMMISSIONEN............................................101 5.1.1 NDR............................................................................................................................102 5.1.2 Grænseoverskridende ydelser................................................................................103 5.1.3 HAC-klausulen.........................................................................................................103 5.1.4 Interbank-gebyr........................................................................................................104 5.2 GEBYRER OG BETINGELSER I ANDRE LANDE..................................................................105 5.2.1 Forbrugere og betalingsmodtagere .......................................................................105 5.2.2 Transaktionsgebyret - gebyrformer og - størrelser.............................................107 5.2.3 Tab på betalingskort ................................................................................................111 5.2.4 Interbankgebyrer......................................................................................................112 6 UDVIKLINGEN I DE ELEKTRONISKE BETALINGSSYSTEMER................117 6.1 UDVIKLINGEN I FJERNSALGS- OG E-HANDELSMARKEDET ...........................................117 6.1.1 Nethandlen under forandring.................................................................................117 6.1.2 Betaling......................................................................................................................120 6.2 NYE BETALINGSFORMER...................................................................................................121 6.2.1 Mikrobetaling ...........................................................................................................121 6.2.2 Mobilbetaling............................................................................................................125 6.2.3 T-betaling ..................................................................................................................130 6.2.4 Digital signatur.........................................................................................................131 6.3 BETALINGSKORT OG DE NYE BETALINGSFORMER.........................................................132 6.3.1 Nye aktører - og nye gebyrer.................................................................................134 6.4 INNHOLDSNETT OG KAMPEN OM BETALINGSLØSNINGEN I NORGE .............................135 7 FORUDSÆTNINGERNE FOR KONKURRENCE PÅ BETALINGSKORTMARKEDET ……… .........................................................................145 7.1 BETINGELSERNE I BETALINGSKORTLOVEN ....................................................................145 7.2 VURDERINGEN APRIL 2000...............................................................................................146 7.3 UDVIKLINGEN 2000 – 2001 ..............................................................................................147 7.4 VURDERINGEN APRIL 2001...............................................................................................148 7.5 UDVIKLINGEN FRA APRIL 2001 TIL APRIL 2002.............................................................149 7.6 DEN FREMTIDIGE UDVIKLING I DANMARK.....................................................................156 7.7 BETINGELSERNE FOR KONKURRENCE I FREMTIDEN ......................................................157 7.8 KONKURRENCEN I PENGEINSTITUTSEKTOREN ...............................................................159 7.9 TILSYN MED PRISERNE ......................................................................................................161 LITTERATURLISTE ……… …………… ..........................................................................163 BILAG 1 – LOV OM VISSE BETALINGSMIDLER.........................................................165 BILAG 2 – LOV OM ÆNDRING AF LOV OM VISSE BETALINGSMIDLER.......175 BILAG 3 – BETALINGSKORTPANELETS KOMMISSORIUM.................................181 BILAG 4 – BETALINGSKORTPANELETS UDTALELSE AF 24. MAJ 2000.........183 BILAG 5 BETALINGSKORTPANELETS UDTALELSE AF 22. JUNI 2001 ..........189 4 BILAG 6 KOMMISSIONENS BESLUTNING AF 9. AUGUST 2002 VEDR. VISA INTERNATIONAL………………………….. ......................................................................