2013 United States Supreme Court and Circuit Courts of Appeals Case Summaries – By Subject (As reported in 2Informer13 through 1Informer14, covering January – December 2013) Table of Contents First Amendment ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Fourth Amendment ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Border Searches .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Foreign Searches ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Governmental Action / Private Searches .......................................................................................................... 10 Reasonable Expectation of Privacy / Standing ................................................................................................. 14 Abandonment ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Curtilage ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 DNA Sample from Arrestees ........................................................................................................................ 21 Parolees/Probationers .................................................................................................................................... 22 Subscriber Information from Internet Service Provider ................................................................................ 25 Trash Pulls ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 Searches (Jones) ................................................................................................................................................ 26 Seizure / Persons ............................................................................................................................................... 31 Consensual Encounters ..................................................................................................................................... 32 Terry Stops / Reasonable Suspicion .................................................................................................................. 32 Traffic Stops / Detaining Vehicles / Occupants ................................................................................................ 53 Traffic-Safety Checkpoints ............................................................................................................................... 61 Canine Sniffs ..................................................................................................................................................... 62 Arrest ................................................................................................................................................................. 63 Probable Cause .............................................................................................................................................. 63 The Exclusionary Rule ...................................................................................................................................... 69 Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule ................................................................................................................ 70 Good Faith ..................................................................................................................................................... 70 Independent Source Rule .............................................................................................................................. 73 Inevitable Discovery Doctrine ...................................................................................................................... 74 Search Warrants ................................................................................................................................................ 76 Anticipatory Search Warrants ....................................................................................................................... 76 Probable Cause .............................................................................................................................................. 77 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................. 85 Delay in Execution ........................................................................................................................................ 85 Detaining Occupants During Search Warrant Execution .............................................................................. 86 Particularity ................................................................................................................................................... 87 Stale Information ........................................................................................................................................... 88 Automobile Exception (mobile conveyance exception) ................................................................................... 88 Computers / Electronic Devices / Wiretaps /Bugs ............................................................................................ 92 Wiretaps ........................................................................................................................................................ 92 Consent Searches .............................................................................................................................................. 95 Third Party Consent (Common Authority / Apparent Authority) ............................................................... 100 Exigent Circumstances .................................................................................................................................... 103 Destruction of Evidence .............................................................................................................................. 103 Emergency Scene ........................................................................................................................................ 104 Inventory Searches .......................................................................................................................................... 107 Plain View Seizure .......................................................................................................................................... 110 Protective Sweeps ........................................................................................................................................... 111 Search Incident to Arrest (vehicles) ................................................................................................................ 113 Special Needs Exception ................................................................................................................................. 114 Qualified Immunity / Absolute Immunity / Civil – Municipal - Supervisor Liability / Bivens ...................... 115 Brady Violation ........................................................................................................................................... 115 First Amendment Retaliation ....................................................................................................................... 116 Use of Force and Suppression of Evidence ................................................................................................. 118 Use of Force Situations (Detention / Arrest / Search Warrant Execution / Other Seizures) ....................... 119 Use of Force / Qualified Immunity – Taser ................................................................................................ 143 Non-Use of Force Situations (Search Warrant Application / Execution / Other) ....................................... 148 Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) ................................................................................................................ 149 Fifth Amendment ................................................................................................................................................ 150 Double Jeopardy.............................................................................................................................................. 150 Due Process (electronic recording of custodial interrogations) ...................................................................... 151 Identification Procedure (Photo Array) ........................................................................................................... 152 Miranda ........................................................................................................................................................... 152 Custody 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