The Jesuits of the Middle United States by GILBERT J. GARRAGHAN, S.J., Ph.D. RESEARCH PROFESSOR OF HISTORY INSTITUTE OF JESUIT HISTORY LOYOLA UNIVERSITY, CHICAGO IN THREE VOLUMES VOLUME II CHICAGO LOYOLA UNIVERSITY PRESS 1984 Smpntm Potegf WILLIAM M MAGFE, SJ / Provincial, Chicago Provinie Jfttljil &b&tat ARTHUR J SCANLAN, STD Censor Librorum imprimatur ^PATRICK CARDINAL HAYES Archbishop of New York lugust I 1938 © 1984 Loyola University Press ISBN 0-8294-0445-7 ORIGINALLY PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY J J LITTLE AND IVES COMPANY, NEW YORK CONTENTS PART THREE {continued) JESUIT GROWTH IN THE MIDDLE WEST THE FIFTIES AND SIXTIES CHAPTER XIX THE RESIDENCES § i Piiochi il residences and their scope, I § 2 Washington m Missouri, 8 § 3 St Joseph's residence, St Louis, 25 § 4 Chilhcothe in Ohio, 35 § 5 Teirc Haute in Indiana, 37 § 6 Minor residences, 41 CHAPTER XX THE MINISTRY OF THE EXERCISES § I The Spiritual Fxercises and retreats, 4 8 § 2 F lanus Xavicr Wcnmgci, 53 § 3 German rural missions, 65 §4 English pirochnl missions, 69 § 5 Arnold Damen and his associates, 77 CHAPTER XXI LITERARY WORK RELATIONS WII H HIERARCHY AND SISTERHOODS § I The ministry of the pen, 103 § 2 Relations with the hierarchy, 112 § 3 Jesuit nominations to the episcopacy, 117 §4 Bishop Van de Veldc, 129 § 5 Bishop Carrell, 138 § 6 Relations with sisterhoods, 141 CHAPTER XXII THE JESUITS AND THE CIVIL WAR § i Viewpoints and reactions, 147 § 2 The draft, 159 § 3 Incidents and misadventures, 164 § 4 Aftermath of the war, 167 PART FOUR THE INDIAN MISSIONS CHAPTER XXIII THE POTAWATOMI Or SUG4R CREEK § I The restored mission of the St Joseph, 175 § 2 The foiced emigra­ tion of the Potiwatomi of Indiam, 180 § 3 Beginnings at Sugar Creek, 188 § 4 Government subsidies and the mission churches, 196 § 5 The Religious of the Sacred Heart at Sugar Creek, 202 § 6 Educating the Potawatomi, 208 § 7 Neighborhood tribes, 219 § 8 The Miami Mission, 229 111 IV CONTENTS CHAPTER XXIV THE OREGON MISSIONS, I § I The Flathead deputations to St Louis, 236 § 2 De Smet's first journey to the Rockies, 248 § 3 St Mary's Mission among the Flatheads, 264 §4 Catholic origins in the Lower Columbia Valley, 271 § 5 A Catholic hierarchy in Oregon, 278 § 6 Recruits for the mountains, 290 § 7 The Willamette residence, 295 § 8 The Kalispel Mission of St Ignatius, 304 § 9 The Coeur d'Alcne Mission of the Sacred Heart, 313 §10 The Mis­ sion of New Caledonia, 325 §11 Missionary stations and excursions, 334 CHAPTER XXV THE OREGON MISSIONS, II § I De Smet and Oregon gcograph), 347 § 2 Financing the missions, 351 § 3 Aid from St Louis, 359 § 4 Ministry among the whites, 365 § 5 The fall of the Flathead Mission, 375 § 6 California, 392 § 7 The mission superiors, 1841-1852, 420 § 8 A survey, 1841-1854, 436 CHAPTER XXVI THE INDIANS OF THE PLAINS § I The Bhckfeet, 442 § 2 The Grosventres and other tribes, 457 § 3 The Winnebago, 466 § 4 The Sioux, 472 § 5 Excursions to the upper Missouri, 487 CHAPTER XXVII THE OSAGE MISSION § I Negotiations with government, 493 § 2 Setting up the mission, 500 § 3 Missionary fruity 504 § 4 A season of gloom, 511 § 5 The Osage Manual Labor School, 518 §6 Civilizing the Osage, 529 §7 The mission during the Civil War and after, 536 § 8 Missionary excursions among the Indians, 555 § 9 Building the Church in southern Kansas, 565 CHAPTER XXVIII ST MARY'S OF THE POTAWATOMI, I § I A new home for the Potawatomi, 594 § 2 Mission Creek, Wakarusa, St Mary's on the Kaw, 599 § 3 Early struggles the winter of 1848-1849, 608 §4 Christian Hoecken and the Kaw Indians, 615 § 5 Starting the Indian schools, 619 § 6 Christian Hoecken's last days, 625 § 7 The vicariate east of the Rocky Mountains, 635 § 8 Financing the mission, 648 § 9 Progress of the Indian schools, 658 §10 Father Duennck and the Indian problem, 665 § 11 The mission under Father Schultz, 678 § 12 The coadjutor-brothers, 683 § 13 The mission in the literature of travel, 692 § 14 Potawatomi notables, 697 ILLUSTRATIONS Francis X Wenmger, S J Facing page 98 Arnold Damen, S J 98 Cornelius Smarms, S J 99 John Coghlan, S J 99 Peter Arnoudt, S J 108 Florentine Boudreaux, S J 108 Charles Coppens, S J 108 James Oliver Van de Veldt, S J , second Bishop of Chicago 138 George A Carrell, S J , first Bishop of Covington 138 Oregon Trail sketch by Point, I 260 Oregon Trail sketch by Point, II 261 Mission of St Paul on the Willamette 298 St Mary's Mission among the Flatheads 312 St Ignatius Mission among the Kalispel 312 Sacred Heart Mission among the Coeur d'Alenes 313 Michael Accolti, S J 414 Sketch of Santa Clara Mission 415 John Schoenmakers, S J 522 Paul Mary Ponziglione, S J 522 Log church, Osage Mission 522 Catholic Osage Mission 569 FACSIMILES OF DOCUMENTS Closing lines of letter of W S Murphy to Beckx, January 15, 1862 Facing fage 158 Entry by C Hoecken 111 the Sugar Creek Liber Parochtalis 200 First page of letter of Verreydt to Harvey, February 24, 1847 201 Letter of Allemany to Nobili, July 5, 1851 414 Page of Point's record of baptisms in the "Blackfoot Country" 450 First page of Point's Missouri River journal, 1847 451 First page of letter of Van de Velde to Medill, July 27, 1847 523 Entry in Gailland's diary 606 Page of Duennck's diary 654 First page of letter of Duennck to C H McCormick 654 MAPS Jesuit parishes in Franklin and adjoining counties, Missouri Faang -page 20 Rocky Mountain Missions sketch by Joset, 1849 Between pages 312-313 Osage Mission Jesuit ministerial circuit, Indian Territory Facing page 568 Osage Mission Jesuit ministerial circuit, Kansas and Missouri Between pages 568-569 Jesuit Indian mission-field, Kansas, 1854 Facing page 678 .