Notes Preface 1. See, for example, Barney Warf and Santa Arias, The Spatial Turn: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (London: Routledge, 2008); see also, Peta Mitchell, Cartographic Strat- egies of Postmodernity: The Figure of the Map in Contemporary Theory and Fiction (London: Routledge, 2007). 2. Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism; or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Dur- ham: Duke University Press, 1991), 418; see also Edward Soja, Postmodern Geogra- phies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory (London: Verso, 1989). 3. See Bertrand Westphal, Le rivage des mythes. Une géocritique méditerranéenne (Limo- ges: Pulim, 2001). 4. See my review in L’esprit créateur: The International Quarterly of French and Fran- cophone Studies 49.3 (Fall 2009): 134. On “literary cartography,” see Robert T. Tally Jr., Melville, Mapping and Globalization: Literary Cartography in the American Baroque Writer (London: Continuum, 2009). 5. See Edward Soja, Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real- and-Imagined Places (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996). 6. Frank Kermode, The Sense of an Ending: Studies in the Theory of Fiction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967), 3. 7. Among them, my edited collection (in progress), tentatively titled Geocritical Explorations: Space, Place, and Mapping in Literary and Cultural Studies, which con- tains a brief essay by Westphal and which may serve as a companion volume to Geocriticism. Introduction 1. Yuri M. Lotman, Universe of the Mind: A Semiotic Theory of Culture, trans. Ann Shukman (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990), 172. 2. Giuseppe Tardiola, Atlante fantastico del medioevo (Rome: Rubeis, 1990), 20. 3. Mikhail Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, trans. Michael Holquist (Austin: Uni- versity of Texas Press, 1981), 157. 4. Ibid., 207. 5. Michael J. Dear and Steven Flusty, eds., The Spaces of Postmodernity: Readings in Human Geography (Oxford: Blackwell, 2002), 5– 6. 6. Ibid., 6. 172 O Notes 7. Ibid., 254. 8. See Douglas Hofstadter, Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (New York: Vintage, 1989). 9. Hervé Regnauld, L’espace, une vue de l’esprit? (Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 1998), 34. 10. Ibid., 115. 11. Yi- Fu Tuan, Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002), 54. 12. Ibid., 83. 13. Ibid., 161. 14. Flavia Schiavo, Parigi, Barcellona, Firenze: Forma e racconto (Palermo: Sellerio, 2004), 77. 15. Maria de Fanis, Geographie letterarie: Il senso del luogo nell’alto Adriatico (Rome: Melteni, 2001), 21. 16. Hans Robert Jauss, Aesthetic Experience and Literary Hermeneutics, trans. Michael Shaw (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982), 288. 17. Ibid. 18. See Bertrand Westphal, “Pour une approche géocritique des textes,” in La géocri- tique mode d’emploi, ed. Bertrand Westphal (Limoges: Presses Universitaires de Limoges, 2000), 9– 40. 19. See Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space, trans. Donald Nicholson- Smith (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991). Chapter 1 1. Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers, Order out of Chaos: Man’s New Dialogue with Nature (New York: Bantam, 1984), 75. 2. Ibid., 62. 3. Danilo Kiš, Garden, Ashes, trans. William J. Hannaher (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), 34. 4. Jean- Paul Auffray, L’espace- temps (Paris: Flammarion, 1996), 54. 5. Jean- François Lyotard, The Postmodern Explained: Correspondence 1982– 1985, trans. Don Barry et al. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 78. 6. Hans Meyerhoff, Time in Literature (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1955), 104. 7. Hermann Lübbe, “Der verkürtze Aufenthalt in der Gegenwart: Wandlungen des Geschichtsverständnisses,” in Postmoderne oder Der Kampf um die Zukunft, ed. Peter Kemper (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1988), 145. 8. Homi Bhabha, The Location of Culture (London: Routledge, 1994), 1. 9. Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers, La nouvelle alliance (Paris: Gallimard, 1986), 366. 10. Alain Robbe- Grillet, For a New Novel: Essays on Fiction, trans. Richard Howard (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1989), 22– 23. 11. Paul Ricoeur, Time and Narrative, vol. 3, trans. Kathleen Blamey and David Pel- lauer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), 31. 12. Georges Poulet, Études sur le temps humain, vol. 3 (Paris: Plon, 1989), 12. Notes O 173 13. Ibid., 40. 14. Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara Scabia, “Istanti e individui nelle logiche temporali,” Rivista di filosofia 64 (1973): 99. 15. Ibid. 16. Gilles Deleuze, The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque, trans. Tom Conley (Minneapo- lis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 77. 17. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, trans. Brian Massumi (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987), 9. 18. Mikhail Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, trans. Michael Holquist (Austin: Uni- versity of Texas Press, 1981), 411. 19. Jorge Luis Borges, Ficciones (New York: Grove Press, 1962), 100. 20. Gilles Deleuze and Claire Parnet, Dialogues, trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987), 102. 21. Prigogine and Stengers, La nouvelle alliance, 189. 22. Prigogine, La nascita del tempo (Milan: Bompiani, 1994), 42. 23. Ibid., 44. 24. Ibid., 71. 25. Yuri Andrukhovych and Andrzej Stasiuk, Mon Europe (Montricher: Les Éditions Noir sur Blanc, 2004), 150. 26. Pierre Ouellet, Poétique du regard (Limoges: Pulim, 2000), 337. 27. Brian McHale, Postmodernist Fiction (London: Routledge, 1987), 181. 28. Ibid., 58. See also, Roland Barthes, “Literature and Discontinuity,” in Critical Essays, trans. Richard Howard (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1972). In this essay, written just after the release of Mobile, Barthes defends Butor, who had received a barrage of criticism for arranging his text in the apparently arbitrary alphabetical order of U.S. state names: “Formally, alphabetical order has another virtue: by breaking, by rejecting the ‘natural’ affinities of the states, it obliges the discovery of other relations, quite as intelligent as the first, since the meaning of this whole combination of territories has come afterward, once they have been laid out on the splendid alphabetical list of the Constitution. In short, the order of the letters says that in the United States, there is no contiguity of spaces except in the abstract” (177). 29. Louky Bersianik, Le pique- nique sur l’Acropole (Montreal: Typo, 1992), 55. 30. Alina Reyes, Behind Closed Doors, trans. David Watson (New York: Grove, 1996), 1– 2. 31. Marc Brosseau, Des romans- géographes (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1996), 79. 32. Joseph Brodsky, “Flight from Byzantium,” in Less Than One: Selected Essays (New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 1986), 435. 33. Fernand Braudel, Les ambitions de l’histoire (Paris: Le Livre de Poche, 1999), 59– 60. 34. John Berger, “The Changing View of Man in the Portrait,” in Selected Essays, ed. Geoff Dyer (New York: Pantheon, 2001), 102. 35. See Daniel Bell, The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism (New York: Basic Books, 1976), 107– 11. 36. Edward Soja, Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real- and- Imagined Places (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), 169. 37. Deleuze and Parnet, Dialogues, 37, 23. 174 O Notes 38. Marie- Claire Ropars- Wuilleumier, Écrire l’espace (Paris: Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, 2002), 8. 39. Georges Perec, Species of Spaces and Other Pieces, trans. John Sturrock (New York: Penguin, 1999), 51. 40. Ibid., 6. 41. Paul Virilio, “The Overexposed City,” trans. Daniel Moshenberg, in The Paul Vir- ilio Reader, ed. Steve Redhead (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), 97. 42. Prigogine and Stengers, Order out of Chaos, 90. The quote is from Hegel, The Phi- losophy of Nature, § 261. 43. Ouellet, Poétique du regard, 333. 44. Ropars- Wuilleumier, Écrire l’espace, 237. 45. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, 84. 46. Ibid., 100. 47. Julian Holloway and James Kneale, “Mikhail Bakhtin: Dialogics of Space,” in Thinking Space, ed. Mike Crang and Nigel Thrift (London: Routledge, 2000), 84. 48. Evelina Calvi, Tempo e progetto: L’architettura come narrazione (Milan: Guerrini, 1991), 22. 49. Braudel, Les ambitions de l’histoire, 102– 3. 50. Daniel- Henri Pageaux, “De la géocritique à la géosymbolique: Regards sur un champ interdisciplinaire,” in La géocritique mode d’emploi, ed. Bertrand Westphal (Limoges: Pulim, 2000), 129. 51. Emmanuelle Tricoire, “Géohistoire,” in EspacesTemps.net, Mensuelles (June 18, 2003). 52. See David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1990), espe- cially 211– 25. 53. Ibid., 240. 54. Braudel, Les ambitions de l’histoire, 113. 55. Soja, Thirdspace, 47. 56. Jean Giono, L’eau vive (Paris: Gallimard, 1972), 205. 57. Hervé Regnauld, L’espace, une vue de l’esprit? (Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 1998), 9. 58. Brosseau, Des romans- géographes, 17. 59. John K. Wright, “A Plea for the History of Geography,” in Human Nature in Geog- raphy, ed. J. K. Wright (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966), 11–23. 60. Brosseau, Des romans- géographes, 31. 61. Ibid., 59– 60. 62. Maria de Fanis, Geografie letterarie: Il senso del luogo nell’alto Adriatico (Rome: Melt- ini, 2001), 36. 63. Andrukhovych and Stasiuk, Mon Europe, 83. 64. Caren Kaplan, Questions of Travel: Postmodern Discourses of Displacement (Durham: Duke University Press, 1996), 144. 65. Flavia Schiavo, Parigi, Barcellona, Firenze: Forma e racconto (Palermo: Sellerio, 2004), 56, 67. 66. François Hartog, The Mirror of Herodotus, trans. Janet Lloyd (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), 344– 45, emphasis