1 Solutions for Sustaining Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services Salzau and Kiel, June 11th, 2010 Excursion Materials Schedule of the excursion 08:45 Participants meet in front of the information desk of Kiel Main Station 09:00 Kiel – Honigsee Energy from biomass – how to value ecosystem services? R. Hingst 10:00 Honigsee – Altekoppel Ecosystem research and ecosystem services F. Müller, W. Windhorst Quantifying regulating services – forest monitoring C. Schimming J. Hagemann Ecosystem service mapping in the Bornhöved Lakes District B. Burkhard F. Kroll Lunch break (lunch packs and drinks are provided) 12:30 Altekoppel – Ascheberg – Plön – Selent – Schönberg Coastal protection - Schönberger Strand – how to value regulating services W. Windhorst 14:30 Schönberg – Wendtorf Nature protection and tourism - Wendtof / Bottsand – how to value cultural services and B. Burkhard biodiversity? 16:30 Wendtorf – Kiel 17:15 Arrival Kiel Main Station The excursion has been arranged to show the basic characteristics of the landscape around Salzau Castle and to discuss approaches to derive the potentials of ecosystem service provision. Besides the observation of ecological and cultural features of the visited landscapes, some items for a continuation of the Salzau discussions will be studied. At all stops the question will be asked how to value certain land use attributes and how to assess the environmental consequences of those land use strategies. The excursion will start with the visit of a new biogas energy plant in the south of Kiel. This item hopefully will lead to discussions about conflicts between different provisioning ecosystem services (energy vs. food) and the environmental consequences following the respective land use practice (different maize cropping intensities). At Altekoppel, in the Bornhöved Lakes Region, regulating services will be in the focus of the discussions. Using the example of forest ecosystem state indicators and long-term data of the EU Level II Programme, valuation potentials for regulating services can be discussed. The remaining measuring fields from the ecosystem research initiative at the Bornhöved Lakes will be demonstrated and results will be presented. At Altekoppel there will also be a short introduction and demonstration of a qualitative evaluation scheme for ecosystem service potentials. The participants are asked to find critical points in this scheme and to apply it during the excursion. In the afternoon, the bus will move towards the coast of the Baltic Sea to discuss coastal protection services and cultural services, referring to recreation on the one hand and nature protection on the other. The outcomes of conflicts between these services will be demonstrated at the nature reserve Bottsand. 2 Excursion route maps 3 Some information about Kiel Area: 118,6 km² Inhabitants: 237.579 (31. D e z . 2008) Population density: 2003 inhabitants per km² 4 Introducing the landscape we will pass Glacial processes forming the landscape Geomorphological zonation of Schleswig-Holstein 5 Soil types in Schleswig-Holstein Land cover types in Schleswig-Holstein 6 Honigsee Biogas Plant Honigsee: Area: 11,27 km² Inhabitants: 449 (31. D e z . 2008) Population density: 40 Inhabitants per km² Biogas plant built in 2007 500 kWh electricity + heat provisions for farms and households Consequences for the village’s energy balance? Consequences for the land use around the plant? Problem: Rising monocultures of maize due to optimal technical suitability with impacts referring to erosion, eutrophication, biodiversity Potentials of biomass usage for energy provision in Schleswig-Holstein 7 Some numbers about visited settlements, lakes and landscapes Wankendorf Area: 13,34 km² Inhabitants: 2.970 (31. D e z . 2008) Population density: 223 inhabitants per km² Belauer See Length N-S: 2350 m; Length E-W: 800 m, Shoreline: 5650 m; Volume: 10,18 Mio. m³; Area: 1,13 km²; Average depth: 9,0 m; Maximum depth: 25,6 m; Catchment area: 26,43 km² Bornhöved Area: 14,35 km² Inhabitants: 3.464 (31. D e z . 2008) Population density: 241 Inhabitants per km² Plöner See Area: 29,97 km²; Length: 8,3 km; Width: 7,1 km; Volume: 373.000.000 m³; Shoreline: 49,6 km Maximum depth: 58 m; Average depth: 13,54 m; Catchment area: 393 km² Plön Area: 35,94 km² Inhabitants: 12.788 (31. D e z . 2008) Population density: 356 inhabitants per km² Selent Area: 4,33 km² Inhabitants: 1.325 (31. D e z . 2008) Population density: 306 inhabitants per km² Selenter See Area: 22,4 km²; Length: 8,8 km; Width: 4,5 km; Maximum depth: 35,8 m; Average depth: 13,2 m; Catchment area: 61 km² Schönberg Area: 11,64 km² Inhabitants: 6.729 (31. D e z . 2008) Population density: 578 inhabitants per km² Kreis Plön: Area: 1.082,71 km² Inhabitants: 134.912 (31. D e z . 2008) Population density: 125 inhabitants per km² Map of the Bornhövd Lakes District 8 Bornhöved Lakes District Information compiled by Claus Schimming and Jeske Hagemann The Bornhöved study-area is located in the claim of the western most outskirts of the Weichsalian glaciations lasting until approximately 12.000 years before today. Due to Weichselian meltwater and late-glacial dead ice dynamics, the Bornhöved Lake District comprises six lakes, in two broadly parallel alignments, namely the Bornhoeveder See, Schmalensee and the Belauer See in the southeast and the Fuhlensee, Schierensee and Stolper See in the northwest. The lakes are coupled to be part of the River Schwentine system. Following a particularly complex variety in geopeodogenesis a mosaic of different landscape types has been evolved during the retreat of glaciers, subsequent deposition of sediments and melting of dead-ice that especially left the hollow forms of the later lakes. Two glacier advances are depicted in Fig. 1.2. The third one you just passed at the entry of the Autobahn shortly before we arrived in the area. The second one is located south-westerly in a distance of approximately 4km. The first one has been run over by the second one. By the way, the fourth one is called the Hornberger Riegel that you have seen just by leaving the township of Kiel. A landmark is the Television tower. The glacial influence revealed at this site is representative for the formation of the North German Plain. In the early Neolithic a period of land use differentiation started. Fishery, forestry and cultivation of land changed irreversibly the landscape area since the beginning of the Middle Ages. This is also relevant for the main research area: A former field was transformed into the forest here, plough marks are still detectable in the soil profile as well in some physical and chemical soil properties. 9 Geomorphological structure of the greater research area Geological structure of the Lake Belau watershed As a result of the complex geological history a complicated pattern of glacigenic, fluvioglacial, limnetic, organic, and anthropogenic deposits characterizes the study area. Till facies are dominating in the northern part of the study area (see fig. 1.2). Typical formations in the area are kames which indicate intense overforming during the oscillation of the glacier and made up the great variation of parent material of soil formation. Melting water streams formed sandures more southwesterly of the lakes. The special performance of geogenesis continued with the 10 formation of the hollow forms of the lakes, whereas the limnetic sediments comprise sand and silt. During the Holocene the mineral sediments have been covered by different minero-organogenic facies with planktonic and non-planktonic diatoms. Peat formation is widespread due to Holocene formation of low fens in the numerous depressions of the area. In some places soil colluvia have been accumulated like to be seen at the slope down the visited site to the lake. Anthropogenic material is forming the basis of the hedgerows whereas only during approximately distanced Antrohsols were formed. The soil associations of the study area comprise terrestrial, semiterrestrial, and anthropogeomorphic soil units in compliance with the geopeogenisis of the area. The soils were mainly formed from glacial till and glacial or fluvioglacial sands. A deep decalcification of the terrestrial soils occurred during soil formation: the loamy soils from glacial till. The intensly investigated soil under forestry and arable land are mostly sandy and belong the group of Arenosols and are associated with Histosol, Anthrosols (Eroded soils and Colluvia) in respective sites. The visited forest soil is an Arenic Umbrisol but under the criteria of ICP-forest expertise classified as Cambic Arenosol. The arable land directly compared covers an Eutric Arenosol. The distinct heterogeneity of the soils on the one hand proved for a challenge for the researchers but made drags regarding representative sampling. A great program has been conducted especially in this regard in order to describe gradients and related importance in the self-organization of ecosystem structures. The Cambic Arenosol under forest has developed from melting water sands sedimented during a certain warmer period and later slightly covered with tills deposited by a short transgression of the glacier in the end of the Weichsalian. The sandy soil is strongly acidified and slightly poor of available mineral-nutrients. The available-water potentials is also poor. The ecologic potentials will be discussed during the excursion. Soil properties of the Bornhöved research area 11 Soil map of the research area Vegetation map of the research area 12 To a great extent, the vegetation pattern reflects the distinct mosaic of soil conditions especially in regard of available water and water relations in the area mostly following the topographical gradients. Alder and birch carrs dominate the banks of the lakes while typical low-drained (Calthion) wetland species like Lotus uliginosus, Cirsium palustre and Angelica sylvestris are rare. The beech forest is assigned to the association Galio-Fagetum and the understorey is dominated by typical Querco-Fagetea species, eg.: Polygonatum multiflorum, Stellaria holostea, Galium odoratum and Milium effusum.